Impak Krisis Covid-19 Terhadap Sektor Pertanian: Strategi Saluran Pengagihan bagi Kesinambungan Perniagaan
Abstract
Krisis wabak Covid-19 mengakibatkan banyak negara melaksanakan sekatan perjalanan dan kawalan pergerakan. Di Malaysia, sektor pertanian adalah antara sektor yang terkesan secara langsung akibat perintah kawalan pergerakan. Usahawan tani menghadapi masalah lambakan hasil pertanian akibat penutupan beberapa sektor sokongan seperti peruncitan dan pengangkutan. Kekurangan rizab tunai memburukkan lagi masalah memandangkan pendapatan mereka bergantung kepada jualan harian. Pakej rangsangan ekonomi oleh kerajaan kepada perniagaan kecil adalah suatu penyelesaian jangka pendek. Oleh itu, strategi mengurus krisis adalah perlu untuk kelangsungan pendapatan. Kajian kualitatif melalui temuramah tidak berstruktur ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kaedah saluran pengagihan yang digunapakai oleh usahawan tani di Kundasang, Sabah semasa tempoh pelaksanaan perintah kawalan pergerakan. Dapatan kajian mencadangkan kaedah pengagihan ‘hub’ mampu meneruskan kesinambungan perniagaan kecil berasaskan pertanian di Sabah semasa krisis.
References
Azizul Julirin (2020), 22 Mac, Day 5-RMO: Nasib Peniaga Sayuran Kundasang. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1621903714
Berita RTM (2020). 9 April 2020, [SIARAN LANGSUNG] [LIVE] #Bicara Naratif - Pakej Rangsangan Ekonomi: Manfaat Untuk Semua, Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/BeritaRTM/videos/siaran-langsung-live-bicara-naratif-pakej-rangsangan-ekonomi-manfaat-untuk-semua/681100612654248/
Bernama (2020). PKP: Kerajaan Negeri Sabah diminta Selesai Isu Lambakan Sayur di Kundasang, 5 April 2020, retrieved from https://www.bernama.com/bm/am/news_perintah.php?id=1828855
Bresciani, F., Feder, G., Gilligan, D. O., Jacoby, H. G., Onchan, T. & Quizon, J. (2002). Weathering the Storm: The Impact of the East Asian Crisis on Farm Households in Indonesia and Thailand. The World Bank Research Observer, 17(1), 1–20
Bryman, A. (2015), Business Research Methods, Oxford University Press.
Chinazzi, et al. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, Science, 6 March.
Cole, J. & Watkins, C. (2015). International employees’ concerns during serious disease outbreaks and the potential impact on business continuity: Lessons identified from the 2014–15 West African Ebola outbreak, Business Continuity and Emergency Planning, 9(2), 149-162.
CPA Australia (2020). Coronavirus (Covid-19), Impact, resources and Support, retrieved https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/coronavirus-covid-19-impact-resources-support
Daily Express (2020). Sabah perlu urus sendiri perolehan bahan keperluan, retrieved from www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/149976/sabah-perlu-urus-sendiri-perolehan-bahan-keperluan/
Devece, C., Ortiz, M. P. & Armengot, C. R. (2016). Entrepreneurship during economic crisis: Success factors and paths to failure. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5366-5370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.139
Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu (2020). Masa operasi PKP tahap 2 (Kota Kinabalu), retrieved from https://dbkk.sabah.gov.my/index.php/en/85-news/492-masa-operasi-pkp-tahap-2-kota-kinabalu
Dzulkifli, I. (2020). PKP: Peniaga kecil rayu bantuan kerajaan, Daily Express, 23 Mac 2020, retrieved from http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/149339/pkp-peniaga-kecil-rayu-bantuan-kerajaan/
Flynn, D. T. (2007). The impact of disasters on small business disaster planning: a case study, Disasters, 31(4), 508-515.
Ghani, F. A. (2020). Impak psikologi akibat wabak Covid-19, Astro Awani, 14 Mac 2020, retrieved from http://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/impak-psikologi-akibat-wabak-covid-19-233648
Halim, M. F. (2020). Usahawan PKS ubah pendekatan berniaga ketika PKP, 11 April 2020, Malaysia Kini, retrieved from https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/520015?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook&fbclid=IwAR2eWxT9CqrCrIutQETc7Zi_bvbHO-LdnE-CMAdKY25nKEDSNBeiooiVZJM
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia (2020). Survei Khas Kesan Covid-19 kepada Ekonomi dan Individu.
Karabag, S. F. (2020). An unprecedented global crisis! the global, regional, national, political, economic and commercial impact of the coronavirus pandemic, Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research,10 (1), 1-6.
Kim, K. & Frazier, G. L. (1996). A typology of distribution channel systems: a contextual approach. International Marketing Review, 13(1), 19-32.
Koonin, L. M. (2020). Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Now is the time to refresh pandemic plans, Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 13 (4), 1-15(15)
Liu, Y., Gayle, A. A., Smith, A. W. & Rocklov, J. (2020). The reproductive number of Covid-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus, Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(2).
Majlis Keselamatan Negara (2020). Kenyataan Media, 18 Mac 2020, Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Malaysia.
Oguoma, O. N., Nkwocha, V. I. & Ibeawuchi, I. I. (2010). Implications of Middlemen in The Supply Chain of Agricultural Products. Journal of Agricultural and Social Research, 10(2), 77-83.
Palmatier, R. W., Sivadas, E., Stern, L. W. & El-Ansari, A. I. (2020). Marketing Channel Strategy: An Omni-Channel Approach, Routledge.
Peeri, N. C., Shrestha, N., Rahman, M. S., Zaki, R., Tan, Z., Bibi, S., Baghbanzadeh, M., Aghamohammadi, N., Zhang, W. & Haque, U. (2020). The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? International Journal of Epidemiology,1-10.
Perutusan Khas Perdana Menteri (2020). Ucapan Penuh Perutusan Khas Perdana Menteri Mengenai Covid-19, 10 April 2020, retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my/2020/04/perutusan-khas-perdana-menteri-10-april-2020/
Pine, R. & McKercher, B. (2004). The impact of SARS on Hong Kong’s tourism industry, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(2), 139-143.
Ping-hong, Y. (2009). Direct Sales Store: A New Distribution Pattern for Japanese Farm Products, Contemporary Economy of Japan, Issue 2.
Pursiainen, C. (2018). The Crisis Management Cycle. Routledge.
Qiu, W., Rutherford, S., Mao, A. & Chu, C. (2017). The pandemic and its impact, Health, Culture and Society, 9(10).
Ritchie, B. W. (2003). Chaos, crises and disasters: a strategic approach to crisis management in the tourism industry, Tourism Management, 25(6), pp. 669-683.
Saari, M. Y. (2020). Fahami cara covid-19 beri impak kepada rakyat dan ekonomi, Institut Kajian Dasar Pertanian dan Makanan, UPM, retrieved from http://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/fahami-cara-covid-19-beri-impak-kepada-rakyat-dan-ekonomi-235835
Sabah Post (2020). Lambakan Sayur di Kundasang, 300 Peniaga Rugi, 4 April 2020, retrieved from https://www.sabahpost.net/2020/04/04/lambakan-sayur-di-kundasang-300-peniaga-rugi/
Smith, W. & Freedman, D. o. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, Journal of Travel Medicine, 27 (2).
Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C. & Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), International Journal of Surgery, 76, pp. 71-76.
Utusan Borneo (2020a). MAFI jamin bantu petani dan penternak Sabah, retrieved from www.utusanborneo.com.my/2020/04/01/mafi-jamin-bantu-petani-dan-penternak-sabah
Utusan Borneo (2020b). Kelancaran pergerakan sayuran ke pasaran dipantau, 9 April 2020, retrieved from https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2020/04/07/kelancaran-pergerakan-sayuran-ke-pasaran-dipantau?fbclid=IwAR3gL_FFCo_oqhkHAF1s-jtPWmgrxrWNjj27EAwJiOKS6heHifNPRBCJZeg
World Health Organisation (2019). Coronavirus disease (Covid-2019) situation reports, retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/
Yu-lian, W. (2008). The Optimization Model of Distribution Channels Farm Produce in Heilongjiang Province. Commercial Research, Issue 4.