Mengukur Analisis Psikometrik Literasi Media Sosial di Kalangan Pengguna Media Sosial di Malaysia
Abstract
Lonjakan dalam penggunaan media sosial telah membawa kepada cabaran baharu, berserta kebimbangan kritikal iaitu peningkatan perlakuan sexting di kalangan pengguna media sosial. Terdapat kebimbangan dan keraguan mengenai kecekapan atau literasi yang diperlukan untuk menggunakan aplikasi media sosial dengan sewajarnya. Oleh itu, adalah penting bagi pengguna media sosial untuk memiliki literasi media sosial dalam mengemudi dunia dalam talian dengan penuh tanggungjawab. Hasil analisis kajian adalah berdasarkan tinjauan yang dijalankan di kalangan 412 pengguna media sosial dari lima negeri di Malaysia iaitu Perlis, Selangor, Melaka, Pahang, dan Sarawak. Instrumen skala Literasi Media Sosial dibangunkan daripada Social Media Competence Scale for College Students (SMCS-CS) oleh Zhu et al. (2018) dan Perceived Social Media Literacy Scale (PSML) oleh Tandoc Jr et al. (2021) untuk menguji nilai literasi media sosial pengguna media sosial melalui Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) dan penubuhan Model Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Skala Literasi Media Sosial. Analisis faktor ini menyelesaikan cabaran untuk menentukan bilangan konstruk yang diperlukan untuk menerangkan satu set hubungan yang diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa model multi-dimensi literasi media sosial telah mencapai kesahan penumpuan (convergence validity) berdasarkan pembolehubah hubungan yang signifikan. Faktor yang diekstrak ini juga mempunyai kesahan diskriminasi (discriminant validity) yang baik. Oleh itu, instrumen yang direka bentuk adalah sah dan boleh dipercayai untuk mengakses pembolehubah yang disasarkan dalam konteks pengguna media sosial di Malaysia.
References
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Tandoc Jr., E.C., Yee, A.Z.H., Ong, J., Lee, J.C.B., Xu, D., Han, Z., Matthew, C.C.H., Ng, J.S.H.Y., Lim, C.M., Cheng, L.R.J., Cayabyab, M.Y. (2021). Developing a perceived social media literacy scale: Evidence from Singapore. International Journal of Communication 15, 2484–2505
Vahedi, Z., Sibalis, A., & Sutherland, J.E. (2018). Are media literacy interventions effective at changing attitudes and intentions towards risky health behaviors in adolescents? A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent, 67, 140-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.007
Wok, S., Hashim, J., & Abdullah, K. (2016). Social media influence on malay family resilience towards challenges of the Internet. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 32 (2), 648-669. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2016-3202-32
Zhu, S., Yang, H.H., Xu, S., & MacLeod, J. (2018). Understanding social media competence in higher education: Development and validation of an instrument. Journal of Educational Computing Research 0(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633118820631
Bou-Hamad, I. (2020). The impact of social media usage and lifestyle habits on academic achievement: Insights from a developing country context. Children and Youth Services Review, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105425
Cho, H., Cannon, J., Lopez, R., & Li, W. (2022). Social media literacy: A conceptual framework. New Media & Society, 146144482110685. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211068530
Daneels, R., & Vanwynsberghe, H. (2017). Mediating social media use: Connecting parents’ mediation strategies and social media literacy. Cyberpsychology, 11(3 Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-3-5
Data Reportal. (2023, February). Digital 2022: Global overview report. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-malaysia
Del Rey, R., Ojeda, M., Casas, J.A., Mora-Merchán, J.A., & Elipe, P. (2019). Sexting among adolescents: The emotional impact and influence of the need for popularity. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 18(1), 39-50.
Gabriel, F. (2014). Sexting, selfies and self-harm: young people, social media and the performance of self-development. Media International Australia, 151(1), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1329878X1415100114
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R.E., Babin, B.J., & Black, W.C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.
Hair, J.F., Celsi, M., Money, A., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2015). The essentials of business research method (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Hayes, T. (2021). R-squared change in structural equation models with latent variables and missing data. Behavior Research Methods, 53(5), 2127-2157. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01532-y
Heiss, R., Nanz, A., & Matthes, J. (2023). Social media information literacy: Conceptualization and associations with information overload, news avoidance and conspiracy mentality. Computers in Human Behavior, 148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107908
Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.
Kettunen, J., Sampson, J.P.J., & Vuorinen, R. (2015). Career practitioners’ conceptions of competency for social media in career services. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 43 (1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.939945
Khan, M.L., & Idris, I.K. (2019). Recognise misinformation and verify before sharing: A reasoned action and information literacy perspective. Behaviour & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1578828
Mukherjee, K. (2016). Comparision between social communication ethics and social media communication ethics: A paradigm shift. Global Media Journal – Indian Edition, 7(2).
Ngai, E.W.T., Tao, S.S.C., & Moon, K.K.L. (2015). Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information Management, 35(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.09.004
Oducado, R.M.F., Sales, M.R., Magarzo, A.J.P., Panes, P.M.A., Lapastora, J.T.P. (2019). Perceptions and attitude on using social media responsibly: Toward social media literacy in nursing education. Belitung Nursing Journal, 5(3), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.789
Ojeda, M., & Del Rey, R. (2021a). Lines of action for sexting prevention and intervention: A systematic review. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02089-3
Pangrazio, L., Cardozo-Gaibisso, L. (2020). Beyond cybersafety: The need to develop social media literacies in pre-teens. Digital Education Review, 37, 49–63.
Pangrazio, L., & Selwyn, N. (2018). “It’s not like it’s life or death or whatever”: Young people’s understandings of social media data. Social Media +Society, 4(3), 1–9.
Polanco-Levicán, K., & Salvo-Garrido, S. (2022). Understanding social media literacy: A systematic review of the concept and its competences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8807). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148807
Ramadani, V., Demiri, A., & Saiti-Demiri, S. (2014). Social media channels: the factors that influence the behavioural intention of customers. International Journal Business and Globalisation, 12(3).
Salleh, M.A.M., & Ilham, N.M.M. (2017). The experience and awareness of adult users of surveillance issues in social media. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(1), 502–514. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2017-3301-33
Schreurs, L., & Vandenbosch, L. (2021). Introducing the social media literacy (SMILE) model with the case of the positivity bias on social media. Journal of Children and Media, 15(3), 320–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2020.1809481
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research method for business: A skill business approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Shieh, C-J., & Nasongkhla, J. (2024). Effects of motivation to use social networking sites on students’ media literacy and critical thinking. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 14 (1), e202404. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/14060
Syam, H.M., & Nurrahmi, F. (2020). “I don’t know if it is fake or real news” how little Indonesian university students understand Social Media Literacy. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(2), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3602-06
Taibi, D., Scifo, L., Bruno, N., & Fulantelli, G. (2023). Social media literacy to support a conscious use of social media in adolescents and improve their psychological well-being: A pilot study. Sustainability, 15. 12726. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712726
Thang, S.M., Ng, L.S., & Taha, A.M. (2020). Awareness of the risks and dangers of social networking: Exploration on four types of Malaysian secondary schools. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(1), 147-165. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3601-09
Tandoc Jr., E.C., Yee, A.Z.H., Ong, J., Lee, J.C.B., Xu, D., Han, Z., Matthew, C.C.H., Ng, J.S.H.Y., Lim, C.M., Cheng, L.R.J., Cayabyab, M.Y. (2021). Developing a perceived social media literacy scale: Evidence from Singapore. International Journal of Communication 15, 2484–2505
Vahedi, Z., Sibalis, A., & Sutherland, J.E. (2018). Are media literacy interventions effective at changing attitudes and intentions towards risky health behaviors in adolescents? A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent, 67, 140-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.007
Wok, S., Hashim, J., & Abdullah, K. (2016). Social media influence on malay family resilience towards challenges of the Internet. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 32 (2), 648-669. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2016-3202-32
Zhu, S., Yang, H.H., Xu, S., & MacLeod, J. (2018). Understanding social media competence in higher education: Development and validation of an instrument. Journal of Educational Computing Research 0(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633118820631
Published
2024-06-01
How to Cite
ISMAIL, Siti Nasarah; RIDZUAN, Abdul Rauf; HASSAN, Mohd Sufiean.
Mengukur Analisis Psikometrik Literasi Media Sosial di Kalangan Pengguna Media Sosial di Malaysia.
Jurnal Dunia Pengurusan, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, p. 46-58, june 2024.
ISSN 2682-8251.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpg/article/view/26840>. Date accessed: 16 oct. 2024.
Section
Articles
