Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek STEAM dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Insaniah

Ahmad Dasuki Mohd Hawari; Azlin Iryani Mohd Noor

Ahmad Dasuki Mohd Hawari UPSI
Azlin Iryani Mohd Noor

Abstract

Kandungan kurikulum Pendidikan Seni Visual (PSV) bermatlamat memperkasakan dan menyediakan murid dengan kemahiran insaniah yang penting menerusi pendekatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang berkesan. Namun, tinjauan literatur semasa menunjukkan terdapat guru-guru yang kurang mahir mengaplikasi pendekatan yang bersesuaian dalam pembelajaran PSV menyebabkan kemahiran insaniah tidak dapat diterapkan secara sepenuhnya. Bagi mengatasi isu ini, pembelajaran berasaskan projek (PBL) yang mengintegrasikan pendidikan STEAM dan kaedah struktur koperatif ‘LeapEd’ dilihat berpotensi meningkatkan kemahiran insaniah murid menerusi pengajaran dan pembelajaran PSV berkesan di dalam bilik darjah. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menjelaskan kaedah guru meningkatkan kemahiran insaniah murid melalui pendekatan PBL yang mengintegrasikan struktur koperatif pendidikan ‘LeapEd’ dan STEAM. Kajian ini menggunakan kajian kes deskriptif yang merangkumi pengumpulan data daripada temu bual, pemerhatian, dan analisis dokumen di sebuah sekolah rendah di Kuala Lumpur. Lima orang pakar akademik, dua guru PSV , dan 20 orang murid-murid terlibat sebagai peserta dalam kajian ini. Analisis data triangulasi menunjukkan potensi dan keberkesanan mengintegrasikan pendekatan PBL-STEAM untuk meningkatkan kemahiran insaniah murid sewaktu proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran PSV di dalam bilik darjah. Hasil perbincangan memperlihat keberkesanan pendekatan menerusi tiga fasa domain utama pelaksanaan PBL iaitu fasa perancangan, fasa proses pengujian dan fasa penilaian produk. Fasa perlaksanaan ini memberi manfaat terhadap penyampaian pengajaran guru yang lebih teratur dan sistematik kerana melibatkan 14 struktur koperatif dalam perancangan pelan projek selain menekankan aspek representasi, ekspresi dan penglibatan murid di dalam lapan elemen pendekatan PBL yang bertujuan meningkatkan kemahiran insaniah murid. Ringkasnya, pendekatan PBL STEAM berpotensi meningkatkan keberkesanan penyampaian pengajaran guru serta menyumbang terhadap keberhasilan dan kemenjadian murid menerusi pengajaran dan pembelajaran PSV yang berstruktur koperatif LeapEd.

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