Ulasan Sistematik Literatur: Kecergasan Fizikal dan Kesihatan Mental Kanak-kanak semasa Peralihan Fasa Pandemik ke Endemik
Abstract
Kecergasan fizikal boleh mempengaruhi kesihatan mental, kualiti hidup, produktiviti serta pencapaian akademik kanak-kanak. Namun begitu, penurunan kecergasan fizikal serta peningkatan kesihatan mental dalam kalangan kanak-kanak semasa pandemik Covid-19 amat membimbangkan. Fasa peralihan pandemik ke endemik di kebanyakan negara telah menyaksikan penurunan terhadap kecergasan fizikal dan kesihatan mental kanak-kanak. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dapatan tentang isu kecergasan fizikal dan kesihatan mental kanak-kanak secara global melalui kajian-kajian lepas. Kajian ulasan sistematik literatur ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan artikel pada tahun 2021-2022 daripada pangkalan data iaitu Scopus, Google Scholar dan Web of Science. Artikel dikumpul kemudian diteliti bagi memastikan artikel yang dipilih menepati fokus kajian. Sebanyak 17 daripada 114 artikel telah dipilih untuk dibincangkan dalam kajian ini. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat peningkatan berat badan, perlakuan sedentari dan masa skrin kesan daripada penurunan kecergasan fizikal manakala kesihatan mental berkaitan kebimbangan, kesunyian, perasaan sedih serta tekanan pula menunjukkan peningkatan. Pihak terlibat perlu merancang aktiviti kanak-kanak dengan menggunakan masa secara berkesan, mengatur lokasi dan bentuk senaman semasa pandemik agar kanak-kanak dapat bersenam, beriadah, melakukan aktiviti kreatif, bersosial seterusnya mengawal berat badan dengan mengelakkan perlakuan sedentari. Justeru, kurikulum Pendidikan Jasmani sekolah rendah perlu ditambah baik dengan memasukkan subtopik berkaitan aktiviti fizikal, jenis serta intensiti senaman semasa pandemik dan endemik. Langkah ini perlu kerana kita tidak dapat meramal akan risiko dan kemungkinan pandemik dan endemik di masa akan datang.
References
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Atini Alias, Siti Haziqah Shaban, Siti Marhamah Kamarul Arifain & Aimi Khairunnisa Abdul Karim. 2021. Hubungan Kesunyian Dengan Ketagihan Internet dalam Kalangan Pelajar Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka Semasa Pandemik COVID-19. Al-’Ulwan 6(1).
Basterfield, L., Burn, N. L., Galna, B., Batten, H., Goffe, L., Karoblyte, G., Lawn, M., et al. 2022. Changes in children’s physical fitness, BMI and health-related quality of life after the first 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in England: A longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences 40(10). doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2047504
Berasategi Sancho, N., Idoiaga Mondragon, N., Dosil Santamaria, M. & Eiguren Munitis, A. 2021. The Well-being of children in lock-down: Physical, emotional, social and academic impact. Children and Youth Services Review 127.
Bourdas, D.I., & Zacharakis, E.D. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults. Sports, 8, 139
Belcher, B. R., Zink, J., Azad, A., Campbell, C. E., Chakravartti, S. P. & Herting, M. M. 2021. The Roles of Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness in Promoting Resilience During Adolescence: Effects on Mental Well-Being and Brain Development. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 6(2): 225-237. doi:10.1016/J.BPSC.2020.08.005
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. & Rubin, G. J. 2020. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet 395(10227): 912–920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Cacioppo, M., Bouvier, S., Bailly, R., Houx, L., Lempereur, M., Mensah-Gourmel, J., Kandalaft, C., et al. 2021. Emerging health challenges for children with physical disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The ECHO French survey. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 64(3). doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.08.001
De Figueiredo, C. S., Sandre, P. C., Portugal, L. C. L., Mázala-de-Oliveira, T., da Silva Chagas,L., Raony, Í., Ferreira, E. S., et al. 2021. COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents’ mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 106. doi:10.1016/J.PNPBP.2020.110171
Dudovitz, R. N., Thomas, K., Shah, M. D., Szilagyi, P. G., Vizueta, N., Vangala, S., Shetgiri, R., et al. 2022. School-Age Children’s Wellbeing and School-Related Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic Pediatrics. doi:10.1016/J.ACAP.2022.01.015
Ghosh, R., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S. & Dubey, S. 2020. Impact of COVID -19 on children: special focus on the psychosocial aspect. Minerva pediatrica 72(3): 226–235. doi:10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05887-9
Jensen, S. S. & Reimer, D. 2021. The effect of COVID-19-related school closures on students’ well-being: Evidence from Danish nationwide panel data. SSM - Population Health 16. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100945
Jose, J. & Jiji, I. 2021. Psychosocial problems experienced by the children during COVID-19. Educere BCM Journal of Social Work 17(1):51–66.
Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C.,et al. 2020. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry 7(6): 547–560. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
Khairul Amri & Denise Koh. 2021. Impak Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Terhadap Tahap Kecergasan Pelajar dari Kawasan Pinggir Bandar Malaysia. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan 3(3):106–113.
Li, S.H., Beames, J.R., Newby, J.M., Maston, K., Christensen, H., Werner-Seidler, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents. MedRxiv,
Li, Y., Xia, X., Meng, F. & Zhang, & C. 2021. The association of physical fitness with mental health in children: A serial multiple mediation model. Current Psychology. doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01327-6
Ma, J., Chen, Z., Chi, G., Wang, L., Chen, S., Yan, J. & Li, S. 2022. The Combinations of Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep, and Their Associations with Self-Reported Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents. Public Health 19(10): 2–12. doi:10.3390/ijerph19105783
Ma, D., Serbin, L. A. & Stack, D. M. 2018. Children’s anxiety symptoms and salivary immunoglobulin A: A mutual regulatory system? Developmental Psychobiology 60(2): 202–215. doi:10.1002/DEV.21590
McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S. & Madigan, S. 2021. Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/S00787-021-01849-9
Meltzer, L., & Chang, J.O. (2006). Export market influence on the development on the pacific shrimp fishery of Sonora, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management, 49(3-4), 222-235.
Mengin, A., Allé, M. C., Rolling, J., Ligier, F., Schroder, C., Lalanne, L., Berna, F., et al. 2020. Consequences Psychopathologiques du Confinement. Science Direct 46: 43–52. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.007
Nsamenang, S. A., Gutierrez, C. A., Manayathu Jones, J., Jenkins, G., Tibelius, S. A., DiGravio, A. M., Chamas, B., et al. 2022. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental and physical health of children enrolled in a paediatric weight management clinic. Paediatrics & Child Health 27(Supplement_1): S72–S77. doi:10.1093/pch/pxac014
Newman, E. (2007). Criminal legacies of war economy. Journal of Development, 3(3), 49-62.
Okuyama, J., Seto, S., Fukuda, Y., Funakoshi, S., Amae, S., Onobe, J., Izumi, S., et al. 2021. Mental health and physical activity among children and adolescents during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 253(3): 203-215. doi:10.1620/tjem.253.203
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Lawman, H. G., Fryar, C. D., Kruszon-Moran, D., Kit, B. K. & Flegal, K. M. 2016. Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents in the United States,1988-1994 Through 2013-2014. American Medical Association 315(21):2292-2299. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6361
Parlapani, E.; Holeva, V.; Voitsidis, P.; Blekas, A.; Gliatas, I.; Porfyri, G.N.; Golemis, A.; Papadopoulou, K.; Dimitriadou, A.; Chatzigeorgiou, A.F.; et al. (2020) Psychological and Behavioral Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Front in Psychiatry 11(821): 1-17. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00821
Pauline & Tajul. 2020. Kecergasan Fizikal dan Prestasi Akademik Murid Tahun Enam di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan.
(Rai), N. T., Singh, A. K., Rai, N. & Shukla, D. K. 2022. Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13(1):19-24. doi:10.3126/AJMS.V13I1.40578
Rúa-Alonso, M., Rial-Vázquez, J., Nine, I., Lete-Lasa, J. R., Clavel, I., Giráldez-García, M. A., Rodríguez-Corral, M., et al. 2022. Comparison of Physical Fitness Profiles Obtained before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Independent Large Samples of Children and Adolescents: DAFIS Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, Vol. 19, Page 3963 19(7): 3963. doi:10.3390/IJERPH19073963
Saurabh, K., Ranjan, S., 2020. Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 pandemic. Indian J. Pediatr. 87 (7), 532–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03347-3.
Sciberras, E., Patel, P., Stokes, M. A., Coghill, D., Middeldorp, C. M., Bellgrove, M. A., Becker,S. P., et al. 2022. Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With ADHD During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia. Journal of Attention Disorders 26(4). doi:10.1177/1087054720978549
Sellers, R., Warne, N., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., Thapar, A. & Collishaw, S. 2019. Cross-cohort change in adolescent outcomes for children with mental health problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 60(7): 813–821. doi:doi:10.1111/jcpp.13029
Stockwell, S., Trott, M., Tully, M., Shin, J., Barnett, Y., Butler, L., Mcdermott, D., et al. 2021. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sp Ex Med 7: 960. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960
Syed Lamsah, Imran, M. & Sareena Hanim. 2018. Kepentingan aktiviti fizikal dalam membina personaliti dan meningkatkan prestasi akademik. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani 7(1): 21–33. doi:10.37134/JSSPJ.VOL7.1.3.2018
Thakur (Rai), N., Singh, A. K., Rai, N. & Shukla, D. K. 2022. Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13(1).
Tulchin-Francis, K., Stevens, W., Gu, X., Zhang, T., Roberts, H., Keller, J., Dempsey, D., et al. 2021. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children. Journal of Sport and Health Science 10(3).
Vanderloo, L.M., Carsley, S., Aglipay, M., Cost, K.T., Maguire, J., Birken, C.S. (2020). Applying Harm Reduction Principles to Address Screen Time in Young Children Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatrics, 41, 335-336
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J. & Jiang, F. 2020. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet 395(10228): 945– 947. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
Wan Norsaidaina, Mohd Razdani, Mohamad Firdaus & Siti Aida. 2021. Tahap Penglibatan dalam Aktiviti Fizikal serta Aktiviti Sedentari Pelajar Semasa Penularan Covid-19. Jurnal Sains Sukan dan Pendidikan Jasmani 15–23.
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J. & Jiang, F. 2020. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet 395(10228): 945– 947. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
Yelizarova, O., Stankevych, T., Parats, A., Polka, N., Lynchak, O., Diuba, N. & Hozak, S. 2022. The effect of two COVID-19 lockdowns on physical activity of school-age children. Sports Medicine and Health Science. doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2022.01.002
Yomoda, K. & Kurita, S. 2021, July 1. Influence of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in children: A scoping review of the literature. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2021.04.002
Atini Alias, Siti Haziqah Shaban, Siti Marhamah Kamarul Arifain & Aimi Khairunnisa Abdul Karim. 2021. Hubungan Kesunyian Dengan Ketagihan Internet dalam Kalangan Pelajar Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka Semasa Pandemik COVID-19. Al-’Ulwan 6(1).
Basterfield, L., Burn, N. L., Galna, B., Batten, H., Goffe, L., Karoblyte, G., Lawn, M., et al. 2022. Changes in children’s physical fitness, BMI and health-related quality of life after the first 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in England: A longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences 40(10). doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2047504
Berasategi Sancho, N., Idoiaga Mondragon, N., Dosil Santamaria, M. & Eiguren Munitis, A. 2021. The Well-being of children in lock-down: Physical, emotional, social and academic impact. Children and Youth Services Review 127.
Bourdas, D.I., & Zacharakis, E.D. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults. Sports, 8, 139
Belcher, B. R., Zink, J., Azad, A., Campbell, C. E., Chakravartti, S. P. & Herting, M. M. 2021. The Roles of Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness in Promoting Resilience During Adolescence: Effects on Mental Well-Being and Brain Development. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 6(2): 225-237. doi:10.1016/J.BPSC.2020.08.005
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. & Rubin, G. J. 2020. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet 395(10227): 912–920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Cacioppo, M., Bouvier, S., Bailly, R., Houx, L., Lempereur, M., Mensah-Gourmel, J., Kandalaft, C., et al. 2021. Emerging health challenges for children with physical disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The ECHO French survey. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 64(3). doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.08.001
De Figueiredo, C. S., Sandre, P. C., Portugal, L. C. L., Mázala-de-Oliveira, T., da Silva Chagas,L., Raony, Í., Ferreira, E. S., et al. 2021. COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents’ mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 106. doi:10.1016/J.PNPBP.2020.110171
Dudovitz, R. N., Thomas, K., Shah, M. D., Szilagyi, P. G., Vizueta, N., Vangala, S., Shetgiri, R., et al. 2022. School-Age Children’s Wellbeing and School-Related Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic Pediatrics. doi:10.1016/J.ACAP.2022.01.015
Ghosh, R., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S. & Dubey, S. 2020. Impact of COVID -19 on children: special focus on the psychosocial aspect. Minerva pediatrica 72(3): 226–235. doi:10.23736/S0026-4946.20.05887-9
Jensen, S. S. & Reimer, D. 2021. The effect of COVID-19-related school closures on students’ well-being: Evidence from Danish nationwide panel data. SSM - Population Health 16. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100945
Jose, J. & Jiji, I. 2021. Psychosocial problems experienced by the children during COVID-19. Educere BCM Journal of Social Work 17(1):51–66.
Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C.,et al. 2020. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry 7(6): 547–560. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
Khairul Amri & Denise Koh. 2021. Impak Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Terhadap Tahap Kecergasan Pelajar dari Kawasan Pinggir Bandar Malaysia. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan 3(3):106–113.
Li, S.H., Beames, J.R., Newby, J.M., Maston, K., Christensen, H., Werner-Seidler, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on the lives and mental health of Australian adolescents. MedRxiv,
Li, Y., Xia, X., Meng, F. & Zhang, & C. 2021. The association of physical fitness with mental health in children: A serial multiple mediation model. Current Psychology. doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01327-6
Ma, J., Chen, Z., Chi, G., Wang, L., Chen, S., Yan, J. & Li, S. 2022. The Combinations of Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep, and Their Associations with Self-Reported Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents. Public Health 19(10): 2–12. doi:10.3390/ijerph19105783
Ma, D., Serbin, L. A. & Stack, D. M. 2018. Children’s anxiety symptoms and salivary immunoglobulin A: A mutual regulatory system? Developmental Psychobiology 60(2): 202–215. doi:10.1002/DEV.21590
McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S. & Madigan, S. 2021. Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/S00787-021-01849-9
Meltzer, L., & Chang, J.O. (2006). Export market influence on the development on the pacific shrimp fishery of Sonora, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management, 49(3-4), 222-235.
Mengin, A., Allé, M. C., Rolling, J., Ligier, F., Schroder, C., Lalanne, L., Berna, F., et al. 2020. Consequences Psychopathologiques du Confinement. Science Direct 46: 43–52. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.007
Nsamenang, S. A., Gutierrez, C. A., Manayathu Jones, J., Jenkins, G., Tibelius, S. A., DiGravio, A. M., Chamas, B., et al. 2022. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental and physical health of children enrolled in a paediatric weight management clinic. Paediatrics & Child Health 27(Supplement_1): S72–S77. doi:10.1093/pch/pxac014
Newman, E. (2007). Criminal legacies of war economy. Journal of Development, 3(3), 49-62.
Okuyama, J., Seto, S., Fukuda, Y., Funakoshi, S., Amae, S., Onobe, J., Izumi, S., et al. 2021. Mental health and physical activity among children and adolescents during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 253(3): 203-215. doi:10.1620/tjem.253.203
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Lawman, H. G., Fryar, C. D., Kruszon-Moran, D., Kit, B. K. & Flegal, K. M. 2016. Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents in the United States,1988-1994 Through 2013-2014. American Medical Association 315(21):2292-2299. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6361
Parlapani, E.; Holeva, V.; Voitsidis, P.; Blekas, A.; Gliatas, I.; Porfyri, G.N.; Golemis, A.; Papadopoulou, K.; Dimitriadou, A.; Chatzigeorgiou, A.F.; et al. (2020) Psychological and Behavioral Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Front in Psychiatry 11(821): 1-17. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00821
Pauline & Tajul. 2020. Kecergasan Fizikal dan Prestasi Akademik Murid Tahun Enam di Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan.
(Rai), N. T., Singh, A. K., Rai, N. & Shukla, D. K. 2022. Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13(1):19-24. doi:10.3126/AJMS.V13I1.40578
Rúa-Alonso, M., Rial-Vázquez, J., Nine, I., Lete-Lasa, J. R., Clavel, I., Giráldez-García, M. A., Rodríguez-Corral, M., et al. 2022. Comparison of Physical Fitness Profiles Obtained before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Independent Large Samples of Children and Adolescents: DAFIS Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, Vol. 19, Page 3963 19(7): 3963. doi:10.3390/IJERPH19073963
Saurabh, K., Ranjan, S., 2020. Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 pandemic. Indian J. Pediatr. 87 (7), 532–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03347-3.
Sciberras, E., Patel, P., Stokes, M. A., Coghill, D., Middeldorp, C. M., Bellgrove, M. A., Becker,S. P., et al. 2022. Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With ADHD During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia. Journal of Attention Disorders 26(4). doi:10.1177/1087054720978549
Sellers, R., Warne, N., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., Thapar, A. & Collishaw, S. 2019. Cross-cohort change in adolescent outcomes for children with mental health problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 60(7): 813–821. doi:doi:10.1111/jcpp.13029
Stockwell, S., Trott, M., Tully, M., Shin, J., Barnett, Y., Butler, L., Mcdermott, D., et al. 2021. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sp Ex Med 7: 960. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960
Syed Lamsah, Imran, M. & Sareena Hanim. 2018. Kepentingan aktiviti fizikal dalam membina personaliti dan meningkatkan prestasi akademik. Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani 7(1): 21–33. doi:10.37134/JSSPJ.VOL7.1.3.2018
Thakur (Rai), N., Singh, A. K., Rai, N. & Shukla, D. K. 2022. Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13(1).
Tulchin-Francis, K., Stevens, W., Gu, X., Zhang, T., Roberts, H., Keller, J., Dempsey, D., et al. 2021. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children. Journal of Sport and Health Science 10(3).
Vanderloo, L.M., Carsley, S., Aglipay, M., Cost, K.T., Maguire, J., Birken, C.S. (2020). Applying Harm Reduction Principles to Address Screen Time in Young Children Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatrics, 41, 335-336
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J. & Jiang, F. 2020. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet 395(10228): 945– 947. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
Wan Norsaidaina, Mohd Razdani, Mohamad Firdaus & Siti Aida. 2021. Tahap Penglibatan dalam Aktiviti Fizikal serta Aktiviti Sedentari Pelajar Semasa Penularan Covid-19. Jurnal Sains Sukan dan Pendidikan Jasmani 15–23.
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J. & Jiang, F. 2020. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet 395(10228): 945– 947. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
Yelizarova, O., Stankevych, T., Parats, A., Polka, N., Lynchak, O., Diuba, N. & Hozak, S. 2022. The effect of two COVID-19 lockdowns on physical activity of school-age children. Sports Medicine and Health Science. doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2022.01.002
Yomoda, K. & Kurita, S. 2021, July 1. Influence of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in children: A scoping review of the literature. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2021.04.002
Published
2022-09-01
How to Cite
REDDE, Samarni; SALAMUDDIN, Norlena; OTHMAN, Norasmah.
Ulasan Sistematik Literatur: Kecergasan Fizikal dan Kesihatan Mental Kanak-kanak semasa Peralihan Fasa Pandemik ke Endemik.
Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 3, p. 106-119, sep. 2022.
ISSN 2682-826X.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpd/article/view/19222>. Date accessed: 16 sep. 2024.
Section
Articles
