Kemahiran Teknologi dan Kesediaan Melaksanakan Pembelajaran dan Pemudahcaraan Dalam Talian Semasa Era Pandemik Dalam Kalangan Guru di Sekolah Rendah Tamil
Abstract
Pembelajaran dan Pemudahcaraan (PdPc) dalam talian adalah trend pembelajaran yang terkini dalam era pandemik COVID-19 yang memberi cabaran kepada golongan guru untuk mengadaptasi norma pengajaran yang baharu ini. Oleh itu, kajian tinjauan ini telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kemahiran teknologi dan kesediaan melaksanakan PdPc dalam talian semasa era pandemik dalam kalangan guru di sekolah rendah Tamil. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang melibatkan seramai 205 orang guru daripada 400 populasi guru sekolah rendah Tamil di daerah Klang. Responden menjawab soal selidik dalam talian dengan menggunakan Google Forms bagi mendapatkan data yang diperlukan untuk kajian. Platform teknologi pembelajaran dalam talian yang dipilih ialah Google Classroom. Perisian Statiscal Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 25 digunakan untuk menganalis data secara deskriptif iaitu untuk nilai min, sisihan piawai, peratus, dan frekuensi manakala analisis secara inferensi melalui ujian Anova adalah untuk menguji perbezaan dalam pemboleh ubah bersandar berdasarkan faktor demografi. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahawa kemahiran teknologi dan kesediaan melaksanakan PdPc dalam talian semasa era pandemik dalam kalangan guru di sekolah rendah Tamil adalah tinggi. Manakala analisis inferensi menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam kemahiran teknologi dan kesediaan guru untuk melaksanakan PdPc dalam talian berdasarkan faktor pengalaman mengajar. Kesimpulannya, guru mahir dengan teknologi dan bersedia melaksanakan PdPc secara dalam talian sepanjang musim pandemik COVID-19, justeru aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran masih boleh dilaksanakan bagi memastikan pelajar tidak ketinggalan untuk pembelajaran.
References
Aboagye, E., Yawson J.A. & Appiah K.N. (2020). COVID-19 and E-Learning:The Challenges of Students in Tertiary Institutions. Social Education Research 2(1):1-8.
Aditya, M.Y. (2018). Penerapan Google Classroom pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggeris di Lembaga Kursus Bahas Inggeris (e-home dan fun learning) kecamatan bangkalan kabupaten bangkalan. Elpeduaem 4(4): 15–18.
Al-Fraihat, D., Joy M., Masa'deh R. & Sinclair J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior 102: 67–86.
Aljawarneh, S.A.(2020). Reviewing and exploring innovative ubiquitous learning tools in higher education. Journal of computing in higher education 32(1), 57–73.
Alqahtani, A.Y. &. Rajkhan, A.A. (2020). E-learning critical success factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive analysis of e-learning managerial perspectives. Education Sciences 10: 216.
Anshari, M., Almunawar, M. N., Huda, M., Shahrill, M. & Wicaksono D.K. (2017). Smartphones usage in the classrooms: learning aid or interference? Education and Information Technologies 22(6): 3063-3079.
Amala, J.I.J, & Geetha, S. (2020). Surrogation of classroom teachers by aritificial intelligence and Google Classroom. Studies in Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(30): 4-7.
Apriyanti, D., Hermawati S., Syahrul R., Zaim M. & Agustina. (2019). Technology-based Google Classroom in English business writing class. Seventh International Conference On Languages And Arts (ICLA 2018), Advances In Social Science, Education And Humanities Research 301: 689-693.
Asnawi, N. (2018). Pengukuran usability aplikasi Google Classroom sebagai e- learning menggunakan USE questionnaire (Studi Kasus: Prodi Sistem Informasi UNIPMA).
Computer, Information System & Technology Management 1(1): 17-21.
Azzi Huck, K. & Shmis, T. (2020). Managing the impact of COVID-19 on education systems around the world: How countries are preparing, coping, and planning for recovery.
Ballew, T. (2017). Teacher perceptions of a technology-based Google Classroom. Tesis Dr. Fal, Faculty of the Education Department, Carson-Newman University.
Barman, B. & Karthikeyan, J. (2019). Facilitating ELT through Moodle and Google Classroom. Restaurant Business 118(10): 506-518.
Basak, S.K., Wotto, M., Bélanger, P. (2016). A framework on the critical success factors of e-learning implementation in higher education: International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering 10: 2409–2414.
Bdiwi, R., Runzb C., Faizc S. & Ali C.A. (2019). Smart learning environment: teacher’s role in assessing classroom attention. Research in Learning Technology 27: 2072.
Bondarenko, O.V., Mantulenko S.V., & Pikilnyak A.V. (2018). Google Classroom as a tool of support of blended bearning for Geography students. CEUR-WS.org/Vol-2251.
Cassidy, S. (201)6. Virtual learning environments as mediating factors in student satisfaction with teaching and learning in higher education. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 5(1): 113-123.
Davis, M. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology, MIS Quarterly 13(3): 319–340.
Espinosa, N., Estira, K. L., & Ventayen, R. J. M. (2018). Usability evaluation of Google Classroom: basis for the adaptation of G-Suite e-learning platform. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts, and Science 5(1): 47-51.
Fauzan & Fatkhul Arifin. (2019). The effectiveness of Google Classroom media on the students’ learning outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Department. Al Ibtida: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru MI 6(2): 271-285.
Gajanan, P.P. (2020). Google Classroom: An integrating technology tool in English language teaching. Studies in Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(57): 51-56.
Google Classroom. (2020). Wikipedia
Google Trends. (2020). https://trends.google.com/trends
Gros, B. & Garcia Penalvo, F.J. (2016). Future trends in the design strategies and technological affordances of E-learning. Learning, Design, and Technology: An International Compendium of Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 67-1: 1-23
Gunawan, G., Suranti, N. M. Y., & Fathoroni, F. (2020). Variations of Models and Learning
Platforms for Prospective Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education 1(2): 61-70.
Haggag, M. H. (2019). Using Google Classroom in enhancing communicative grammar use and attitudes of non-English specialized post graduates. European Scientific Journal 15(1): 261-281.
Heggart, K. R., & Yoo, J. (2018). Getting the most from Google Classroom: a pedagogical framework for tertiary educators. Australian Journal of Teacher Education 43(3): 140-153.
Henukh, A., Haris, R. & Sayaka O. (2020). Implementation of Google Classroom as multimedia learning. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika 5: 38-44.
Hong, J.C., Tai, K.H., Hwang, M.Y., Kuo, Y.C. & Chen, J.S. (2017). Internet cognitive failure relevant to users’ satisfaction with content and interface design to reflect continuance intention to use a government E-learning system. Computers in Human Behavior 66: 353–362.
Ismail, N. (2015). The integration of new media in schools: comparing policy with practice. International Education Studies 8(12): 231-240.
Karkar, A.J.M., Fatlawi, H.K., & Al-Jobouri, A.A. (2020). Highlighting E-learning adoption challenges using data analysis techniques: University of Kufa as a Case Study. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning 18(2): 136-149.
Kaukab, A.A. & Nayab, I. (2018). Effectiveness of Google Glassroom: Teachers’ perceptions. Prizren Social Science Journal 2(2): 52-56.
Kayalar, F. (2016). Cross-cultural comparison of teachers’ views upon integration and use of technology in classroom. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 15(2): 11-19.
Ketut Sudarsana, Ida Bagus, M.A.P., Nyoman, T.A. & Wayan, L.Y. (2019). The use of Google Classroom in the learning process. 1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI). IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: 1175: 1-5.
Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research. Education and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Kholiqul, A. (2017). Conceptual study of web-based blended learning model for improving learning outcomes and learning motivation. Edutama Education Journal: 51-64.
Lee, A. 2020. Wuhan Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Why Global Control is Challenging?. Public Health 179: A1-A2.
Madhavi B.K., V . Mohan V. & Divya Nalla. 2018. Improving attainment of graduate attributes using Google Classroom. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 31(3): 200-205.
Muhammad, A., Ghalib, M.F.M.D., Ahmad, F., Naveed, Q.N. & Shah, A. (2016). A study to investigate state of ethical development in E-learning. (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 7 : 284–290.
Naveed, Q.N., Muhammad, A., Sanober, S., Qureshi, M.R.N. & Shah, A. (2017). A mixed method study for investigating critical success factors (CSFs) of e-learning in Saudi Arabian universities. (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 8(5) :171-178.
Nitin, D. (2020). Learning management through Google Classroom. Studies in Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(5): 13-19.
Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (2013-2025). (2013). Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Pritasari, A.C., & Jumadi. (2018). Development of Science learning tool based on problem based learning with Google Classroom to improve argumentation skill. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10(2): 348-355.
Radha, R., Mahalakshmi, K., Sathish Kumar, V. & Saravanakumar A.R. (2020). E-Learning during Lockdown of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Global Perspective. International Journal of Control and Automation 13(4): 1088-1099.
Rusdiana, A., Abdul Muin, Ara Hidayat & Yaya Suryana. (2020). POE2WE learning management based on Google Classroom blended learning. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24 (8): 1475-7192.
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus 12(4): 1-5.
Sewang A. (2017). Keberterimaan Google Classroom sebagai alternatif peningkatan mutu. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam:Pendekatan Interdisipliner 2(1): 35-46.
Shahzad, A., Chin, H.K., Altaf, M. & Bajwa, F.A. (2020a). Malaysian SMEs performance and the use of e-commerce: A multi-group analysis of click-and-mortar and pureplay E-retailers. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS) 14(1): 1–33
Shahzad, A., Hassan, R., Abdullah, N.I., Hussain, A., Fareed, M. (2020b). COVID-19 impact on e-commerce usage: An empirical evidence from Malaysian healthcare industry. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8(3), 599–609.
Shahzad, A., Rohail H., Adejare Yusuff A., Hussain A. & Nawaz R.L. (2020c). Effects of COVID‑19 in E‑learning on higher education institution students:The group between male and female. Quality & Quantity. Springer Nature B.V.
Shampa Iftakhar. (2016). Google Classroom: What works and how?. Journal of Education and Social Sciences 3: 12-18.
Sidhartha, B.S. (2020). Google Classroom for techno-savy teacher and students. Studies In Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(57): 96-101.
Sujana, I.M., Waluyo,U., Arifuddin, Soepriyanti, H. (2019) pengembangan “content” Google Classroom untuk guru dan mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris Kota Mataram. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat. 2 (4) : 396-401.
Stoitsov Gencho & Stoitsova Gergana. (2019). Increasing the motivation of primary school pupils through the use of ICT in the educational process. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah 7(2): 207-213.
Suharyanto & Mailangkay, A.B.L. (2016). Penerapan e-learning sebagai alat bantu mengajar dalam dunia pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Widya 3(4) : 17-21.
Umairah, P. & Zulfah. (2020). Peningkatan motivasi belajar menggunakan “Google Classroom” ditengah pandemi COVID-19 pada peserta didik kelas XI IPS 4 SMAN 1 Bangkinang Kota. Journal On Education. 2(3): 275-285
WHO.int. 2020. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Retrieved 10 December 2020, from https://covid19.who.int
Zahra, K.L., Fachri, H. & Novi, M. 2020. The practice of effective classroom management in COVID-19 Time. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29(7): 3263-3271.
Aditya, M.Y. (2018). Penerapan Google Classroom pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggeris di Lembaga Kursus Bahas Inggeris (e-home dan fun learning) kecamatan bangkalan kabupaten bangkalan. Elpeduaem 4(4): 15–18.
Al-Fraihat, D., Joy M., Masa'deh R. & Sinclair J. (2020). Evaluating E-learning systems success: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior 102: 67–86.
Aljawarneh, S.A.(2020). Reviewing and exploring innovative ubiquitous learning tools in higher education. Journal of computing in higher education 32(1), 57–73.
Alqahtani, A.Y. &. Rajkhan, A.A. (2020). E-learning critical success factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive analysis of e-learning managerial perspectives. Education Sciences 10: 216.
Anshari, M., Almunawar, M. N., Huda, M., Shahrill, M. & Wicaksono D.K. (2017). Smartphones usage in the classrooms: learning aid or interference? Education and Information Technologies 22(6): 3063-3079.
Amala, J.I.J, & Geetha, S. (2020). Surrogation of classroom teachers by aritificial intelligence and Google Classroom. Studies in Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(30): 4-7.
Apriyanti, D., Hermawati S., Syahrul R., Zaim M. & Agustina. (2019). Technology-based Google Classroom in English business writing class. Seventh International Conference On Languages And Arts (ICLA 2018), Advances In Social Science, Education And Humanities Research 301: 689-693.
Asnawi, N. (2018). Pengukuran usability aplikasi Google Classroom sebagai e- learning menggunakan USE questionnaire (Studi Kasus: Prodi Sistem Informasi UNIPMA).
Computer, Information System & Technology Management 1(1): 17-21.
Azzi Huck, K. & Shmis, T. (2020). Managing the impact of COVID-19 on education systems around the world: How countries are preparing, coping, and planning for recovery.
Ballew, T. (2017). Teacher perceptions of a technology-based Google Classroom. Tesis Dr. Fal, Faculty of the Education Department, Carson-Newman University.
Barman, B. & Karthikeyan, J. (2019). Facilitating ELT through Moodle and Google Classroom. Restaurant Business 118(10): 506-518.
Basak, S.K., Wotto, M., Bélanger, P. (2016). A framework on the critical success factors of e-learning implementation in higher education: International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering 10: 2409–2414.
Bdiwi, R., Runzb C., Faizc S. & Ali C.A. (2019). Smart learning environment: teacher’s role in assessing classroom attention. Research in Learning Technology 27: 2072.
Bondarenko, O.V., Mantulenko S.V., & Pikilnyak A.V. (2018). Google Classroom as a tool of support of blended bearning for Geography students. CEUR-WS.org/Vol-2251.
Cassidy, S. (201)6. Virtual learning environments as mediating factors in student satisfaction with teaching and learning in higher education. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 5(1): 113-123.
Davis, M. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology, MIS Quarterly 13(3): 319–340.
Espinosa, N., Estira, K. L., & Ventayen, R. J. M. (2018). Usability evaluation of Google Classroom: basis for the adaptation of G-Suite e-learning platform. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts, and Science 5(1): 47-51.
Fauzan & Fatkhul Arifin. (2019). The effectiveness of Google Classroom media on the students’ learning outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Department. Al Ibtida: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru MI 6(2): 271-285.
Gajanan, P.P. (2020). Google Classroom: An integrating technology tool in English language teaching. Studies in Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(57): 51-56.
Google Classroom. (2020). Wikipedia
Google Trends. (2020). https://trends.google.com/trends
Gros, B. & Garcia Penalvo, F.J. (2016). Future trends in the design strategies and technological affordances of E-learning. Learning, Design, and Technology: An International Compendium of Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 67-1: 1-23
Gunawan, G., Suranti, N. M. Y., & Fathoroni, F. (2020). Variations of Models and Learning
Platforms for Prospective Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education 1(2): 61-70.
Haggag, M. H. (2019). Using Google Classroom in enhancing communicative grammar use and attitudes of non-English specialized post graduates. European Scientific Journal 15(1): 261-281.
Heggart, K. R., & Yoo, J. (2018). Getting the most from Google Classroom: a pedagogical framework for tertiary educators. Australian Journal of Teacher Education 43(3): 140-153.
Henukh, A., Haris, R. & Sayaka O. (2020). Implementation of Google Classroom as multimedia learning. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika 5: 38-44.
Hong, J.C., Tai, K.H., Hwang, M.Y., Kuo, Y.C. & Chen, J.S. (2017). Internet cognitive failure relevant to users’ satisfaction with content and interface design to reflect continuance intention to use a government E-learning system. Computers in Human Behavior 66: 353–362.
Ismail, N. (2015). The integration of new media in schools: comparing policy with practice. International Education Studies 8(12): 231-240.
Karkar, A.J.M., Fatlawi, H.K., & Al-Jobouri, A.A. (2020). Highlighting E-learning adoption challenges using data analysis techniques: University of Kufa as a Case Study. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning 18(2): 136-149.
Kaukab, A.A. & Nayab, I. (2018). Effectiveness of Google Glassroom: Teachers’ perceptions. Prizren Social Science Journal 2(2): 52-56.
Kayalar, F. (2016). Cross-cultural comparison of teachers’ views upon integration and use of technology in classroom. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 15(2): 11-19.
Ketut Sudarsana, Ida Bagus, M.A.P., Nyoman, T.A. & Wayan, L.Y. (2019). The use of Google Classroom in the learning process. 1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI). IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: 1175: 1-5.
Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research. Education and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Kholiqul, A. (2017). Conceptual study of web-based blended learning model for improving learning outcomes and learning motivation. Edutama Education Journal: 51-64.
Lee, A. 2020. Wuhan Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Why Global Control is Challenging?. Public Health 179: A1-A2.
Madhavi B.K., V . Mohan V. & Divya Nalla. 2018. Improving attainment of graduate attributes using Google Classroom. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 31(3): 200-205.
Muhammad, A., Ghalib, M.F.M.D., Ahmad, F., Naveed, Q.N. & Shah, A. (2016). A study to investigate state of ethical development in E-learning. (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 7 : 284–290.
Naveed, Q.N., Muhammad, A., Sanober, S., Qureshi, M.R.N. & Shah, A. (2017). A mixed method study for investigating critical success factors (CSFs) of e-learning in Saudi Arabian universities. (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 8(5) :171-178.
Nitin, D. (2020). Learning management through Google Classroom. Studies in Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(5): 13-19.
Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (2013-2025). (2013). Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Pritasari, A.C., & Jumadi. (2018). Development of Science learning tool based on problem based learning with Google Classroom to improve argumentation skill. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10(2): 348-355.
Radha, R., Mahalakshmi, K., Sathish Kumar, V. & Saravanakumar A.R. (2020). E-Learning during Lockdown of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Global Perspective. International Journal of Control and Automation 13(4): 1088-1099.
Rusdiana, A., Abdul Muin, Ara Hidayat & Yaya Suryana. (2020). POE2WE learning management based on Google Classroom blended learning. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24 (8): 1475-7192.
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus 12(4): 1-5.
Sewang A. (2017). Keberterimaan Google Classroom sebagai alternatif peningkatan mutu. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam:Pendekatan Interdisipliner 2(1): 35-46.
Shahzad, A., Chin, H.K., Altaf, M. & Bajwa, F.A. (2020a). Malaysian SMEs performance and the use of e-commerce: A multi-group analysis of click-and-mortar and pureplay E-retailers. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS) 14(1): 1–33
Shahzad, A., Hassan, R., Abdullah, N.I., Hussain, A., Fareed, M. (2020b). COVID-19 impact on e-commerce usage: An empirical evidence from Malaysian healthcare industry. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8(3), 599–609.
Shahzad, A., Rohail H., Adejare Yusuff A., Hussain A. & Nawaz R.L. (2020c). Effects of COVID‑19 in E‑learning on higher education institution students:The group between male and female. Quality & Quantity. Springer Nature B.V.
Shampa Iftakhar. (2016). Google Classroom: What works and how?. Journal of Education and Social Sciences 3: 12-18.
Sidhartha, B.S. (2020). Google Classroom for techno-savy teacher and students. Studies In Indian Place Names (UGC Care Journal) 40(57): 96-101.
Sujana, I.M., Waluyo,U., Arifuddin, Soepriyanti, H. (2019) pengembangan “content” Google Classroom untuk guru dan mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris Kota Mataram. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat. 2 (4) : 396-401.
Stoitsov Gencho & Stoitsova Gergana. (2019). Increasing the motivation of primary school pupils through the use of ICT in the educational process. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah 7(2): 207-213.
Suharyanto & Mailangkay, A.B.L. (2016). Penerapan e-learning sebagai alat bantu mengajar dalam dunia pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Widya 3(4) : 17-21.
Umairah, P. & Zulfah. (2020). Peningkatan motivasi belajar menggunakan “Google Classroom” ditengah pandemi COVID-19 pada peserta didik kelas XI IPS 4 SMAN 1 Bangkinang Kota. Journal On Education. 2(3): 275-285
WHO.int. 2020. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Retrieved 10 December 2020, from https://covid19.who.int
Zahra, K.L., Fachri, H. & Novi, M. 2020. The practice of effective classroom management in COVID-19 Time. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 29(7): 3263-3271.
Published
2021-04-01
How to Cite
KUPPUSAMY, Yogeswary; NORMAN, Helmi.
Kemahiran Teknologi dan Kesediaan Melaksanakan Pembelajaran dan Pemudahcaraan Dalam Talian Semasa Era Pandemik Dalam Kalangan Guru di Sekolah Rendah Tamil.
Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 428-441, apr. 2021.
ISSN 2682-826X.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpd/article/view/12937>. Date accessed: 23 mar. 2023.
Section
Articles
