Youth Volunteering for Disaster Preparedness in Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Abstract
The increasing number of disaster in Malaysia has resulted in the increasing demand for volunteers. The needs for volunteers is to ensure the disaster management system can operate well during emergency breaks. This study aimed on youth’s volunteerism for disaster preparedness in Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The 240 respondents for this research are youths whom live in Port Dickson with the range age between 15-35 years old. Convenience and Purposive Sampling techniques were used with questionnaire as the instrument. To answer the research questions, Correlation and Regression Analysis were conducted. Based on the research findings, the level of disaster preparedness among youths is at moderate point. The other variables tested namely as education, altruism, personal development, social interaction and family volunteering show there is significant relationship in improving the level of volunteerism among youth for disaster preparedness. The result show that education as the most contributors to youth’s volunteerism for disaster preparedness. This summarize that in ensuring high level of youth involvement, all parties must work together to educate the youngsters on the importance of volunteering to prepare for disaster breaks. It will help to strengthen the disaster support system as the youths are well prepared for emergency time. The result from this research will benefited the policy makers, national security and disaster agencies and NGOs and related parties in term of developing volunteerism enthusiastic among youths in Malaysia.
References
Allwood, C. M. (2021). The distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods is problematic. Quality & Quantity, 46(5)
Baker, D. M. (2021). Volunteerism and Professional Development. Journal of hospital pharmacy.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (2021). Family Volunteering - A Discussion Paper. Human Resource Development Canada.
Brown, T.A. (2021). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford.
Burn, D.J., Reid, S.J., Toncar, M., Fawcett, J., & Anderson, C. (2021). Motivation to volunteer: The role of Altruism. International Review on Public and Non-Profit Marketing, 3(2), 79-81.
Carpenters, C. K., & Myers, G. A. (2021). Altruism: Why We Risk Our Own Well-Being to Help Others. Social Psychology.
Dynes, R. (2021).Situational Altruism: Toward an Explanation of Pathologies in Disaster Assistance. Paper presented at the XIIIth World Congress of Sociology, Bielefeld.
Epure, M. (2021). Learning about volunteering – a path to personal development. Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research, 5(1), 61.
Evans, J. D. (2021). Straightforward statistics for the behavioural sciences. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing
Federal Emergency Management Agenc. FAMA (2021). Are you Ready? An in-depth guide to citizen preparedness.
Fehlbaum, A. (2021). Dysfunctional Donations: Situational Altruism and the Sending of Stuff After Disasters.
Feigin, S., Owens, G., & Smith, F. S. (2021). Theories of human altruism: a systematic review. Department of Psychology 2014.
Finnis, H, J., Franklin, S. H., & Brodeur, M. (2021). A Practical Application of a Robust Multivariate Outlier Detection Method. American Statistical Association, Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 186.
Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. A. (2021). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales.
Goddard, S. (2021). Disaster Preparedness Knowledge, Beliefs, Risk-Perceptions, and Mitigating Factors of Disaster Preparedness Behaviours of Undergraduate Students at a Large Midwest University. ProQuest LLC.
Goethem, A. A., Hoof, A., Aken, M. A., Castro, B. O., & Raaijmakers, Q. A. (2021). Socializing adolescent volunteering: How important are parents and friends? Age dependent effects of parents and friends on adolescents' volunteering behaviours. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35(2), 94-101.
Haq, T. Q. (2021).Youth Volunteers as Change Agents in Disaster Response.
Huang, Y. K., & Lam, F. S. (2021). Enhancing Disaster Preparedness through Participatory Activities in a School in Malaysia. International journal for innovation Education and Research.
Ibrahim, M. S., & Fakhru’l-Razi, A. (2021). Disaster types in Malaysia: An overview. Disaster Prevention and Management Journal, 15(2), 286-298.
Institute for Youth Research Malaysia (2021). Future hopes: what are prospects for the youths? Knowledge action impacts.
Johnson, T. R. (2021). Disaster Volunteerism. International Institute of Global Resilience.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (2021). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Lavrakas, P. J. (2021). Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods.
Lilian, N. (2021). Inquisitive graduate with banking experience seeking opportunities in Sustainable Finance and Development. Health & Medicine Business.
Martin, S. A. (2021). A framework to understand the relationship between social factors that reduce resilience in cities: Application to the City of Boston. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.
McNamara, T. K., & Gonzales, E. (2021). Volunteer transitions among older adults: the role of human, social, and cultural capital in later life. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2021). Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Mohd Ramlan, M. A., Mohd Naeim, A., & Aizat K. (2021). Roles of NGO for Human Rights Protection. Asian Profile, 50, 49-60.
Mykletun, R. J., & Himanen, K. (2021). Volunteers at biking race events Antecedents of commitment and intention to remain volunteering at future events. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 6(3), 2016.
Najafi, M., Ardalan, A., Akbarisari, A., Noorbala. A., & Elmi, H. (2021). The Theory of Planned Behavior and Disaster Preparedness. PLOS Currents Disasters
National Research Council. NRC (2021). Tsunami Warning and Preparedness: An
Assessment of the U.S. Tsunami Program and the Nation's Preparedness Efforts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Nugent, M., & Pam, M. S. (2021). Social Interaction. PsychologyDictionary.org
Powell, J. N., Omoto, A. M., & Snyder, M. (2021). The Context and Process of Volunteerism. Volunteering, 45(5), 846–867.
Paik, A., & Jackson, N. L. (2021). Social networks, recruitment, and volunteering: are social capital effects conditional on recruitment? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.
Shazwani, S., & Mohamad, S. K. (2021). Flood disaster management in Malaysia: A review of issues of flood disaster relief during and post-disaster. Paper presented at the International Soft Science
Skar, M., Sydness M., & Sydes, A. K. (2021). Integrating unorganized volunteers in emergency response management. International journal of emergency services
Sutton, J., & Tierne, K. (2021). Disaster Preparedness: Concepts, Guidance, and Research. Natural Hazards Center Institute of Behavioral Science University of Colorado Boulder, CO
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. 4th Edition, Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Tartaglione, D. (2021). Youths volunteers leading disaster response in Myanmar. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center.
United Nation Volunteers (2021). Happiness: toward a holistic approach to development.
UNESCO. (2021). Education for environmental sustainable and green growth. Global education monitoring report.
Walter, J & Pidgeon, W. (2021). Multimodal Transportation Planning Highway Program. Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development.
World Population Data Sheet (2021). 2021 Word Population Data sheet with focus on youth https://www.prb.org/2017-world-population-data-sheet/
Zomeren, V. M., Spears, R., Leach, C. W., & Fischer, A. H. (2021). Put your money where your mouth is. Explaining collective action tendencies through group based anger and group efficacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
LICENSE OF PUBLISHING RIGHTS
I hereby grant to the Journal exclusive publishing and distribution license in the manuscript identified above and any tables, illustrations or other material submitted for publication as part of the manuscript (the “Article”) in print, electronic and all other media (whether now known or later developed), in any form, in all languages, throughout the world, for the full term of copyright, and the right to license others to do the same, effective when the article is accepted for publication. This license includes the right to enforce the rights granted hereunder against third parties. Supplemental Materials With respect to Supplemental Materials that I wish to make accessible through a link in the Article or on a site or through a service of the Journal, the Journal shall be entitled to publish, post, reformat, index, archive, make available and link to such Supplemental Materials on a non-exclusive basis in all forms and media (whether now known or later developed), and permit others to do so. “Supplemental Materials” shall mean additional materials that are not an intrinsic part of the Article, including but not limited to experimental data, e-components, encodings and software, and enhanced graphical, illustrative, video and audio material.
SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONS RIGHTS
I understand that I retain the copyright in the Article and that no rights in patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights are transferred to the Journal. As the author of the article, I understand that I shall have: (i) the same rights to reuse the Article as those allowed to third party users of the Article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license, as well as (ii) the right to use the Article in a subsequent compilation of my works or to extend the Article to book-length form, to include the article in a thesis or dissertation, or otherwise to use or re-use portions or excerpts in other work, for both commercial and non-commercial purposes. Except for such uses, I understand that the license of publishing rights I have granted to the Journal gives the Journal the exclusive right to make or sub-license commercial use.
USER RIGHTS
The publisher will apply the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-ND) to the Article where it publishes the Article in the journal on its online platforms on an Open Access basis. For further information, see http://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-options. The CC-BY-NC-ND license allows users to copy and distribute the Article, provided this is not done for commercial purposes and further does not permit distribution of the Article if it is changed or edited in any way, and provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, and that the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.
The full details of the license are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
REVERSION RIGHTS
Articles may sometimes be accepted for publication but later rejected in the publication process, even in some cases after public posting in “Articles in Press” form, in which case all rights will revert to the author (see http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
REVISIONS AND ADDENDA
I understand that no revisions, additional terms or addenda to this License Agreement can be accepted without the Journal’s express written consent.
I understand that this License Agreement supersedes any previous agreements I have entered into with the Journal in relation to the Article from the date hereof.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The publisher shall publish and distribute the Article with the appropriate copyright notice.
AUTHOR REPRESENTATIONS/ETHICS AND DISCLOSURE
I affirm the Author Representations noted below and confirm that I have reviewed and complied with the relevant Instructions to Authors, Ethics in Publishing policy, Declarations of Interest disclosure and information for authors from countries affected by sanctions (Iran, Cuba, Sudan, Burma, Syria, or Crimea). Please note that some journals may require that all co-authors sign and submit Declarations of Interest disclosure forms. I am also aware of the publisher’s policies with respect to retractions and withdrawal.
Author Representations
1. The Article I have submitted to the journal for review is original, has been written by the stated authors and has not been previously published.
2. The Article was not submitted for review to another journal while under review by this journal and will not be submitted to any other journal.
3. The Article and the Supplemental Materials do not infringe any copyright, violate any other intellectual property, privacy or other rights of any person or entity, or contain any libellous or other unlawful matter.
4. I have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in the Article or the Supplemental Materials.
5. Except as expressly set out in this License Agreement, the Article is not subject to any prior rights or licenses and, if my or any of my coauthors’ institution has a policy that might restrict my ability to grant the rights required by this License Agreement (taking into account the Scholarly communication rights permitted hereunder), a written waiver of that policy has been obtained.
6. If I and/or any of my co-authors reside in Iran, Cuba, Sudan, Burma, Syria, or Crimea, the Article has been prepared in a personal, academic or research capacity and not as an official representative or otherwise on behalf of the relevant government.
7. If I am using any personal details or images of patients, research subjects or other individuals, I have obtained all consents required by applicable law and complied with the publisher’s policies relating to the use of such images or personal information.
8. Any software contained in the Supplemental Materials is free from viruses, contaminants or worms.
9. If the Article or any of the Supplemental Materials were prepared jointly with other authors, I have informed the co-author(s) of the terms of this License Agreement and that I am signing on their behalf as their agent, and I am authorized to do so.