Fixed Bed Column Study Using Durian Peel Activated Carbon for Methylene Blue Removal

Nur Aisyah Mazni; Muhamad Faizal Pakir Mohamed Latiff

Nur Aisyah Mazni
Muhamad Faizal Pakir Mohamed Latiff

Abstract

The textile industry is a major contributor to global environmental pollution, particularly through the release of hazardous chemicals such as synthetic dyes like Methylene Blue (MB). This study explores the use of activated carbon derived from durian peel (DZAC) for the removal of MB from wastewater. DZAC was prepared using carbon dioxide and nitrogen gasification combined with microwave heating. The material was characterized and its adsorption efficiency evaluated in a fixed-bed column setup. The results demonstrated that DZAC possesses a high adsorption capacity, with a specific surface area of 1500 m²/g and a total pore volume of 0.75 cm³/g. Optimal adsorption conditions were identified at a lower flow rate (30 mL/min), greater bed height (20 cm), and higher initial contaminant concentration (50 mg/L). Under these conditions, a breakthrough time of 180 minutes was observed. Breakthrough models, particularly the Thomas model, accurately predicted the adsorption behaviour, with a high correlation coefficient (R² > 0.95), confirming the practical applicability of DZAC in wastewater treatment. This study highlights the potential of utilizing agricultural waste for environmental remediation, aligning with sustainable development goals, and providing an effective solution for wastewater treatment.

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