The Post Pandemic Impact Towards Employee Engagement: A Study to Investigate the Influence of Rewards and Working Environment of Employees in Klang Valley, Selangor
Abstract
In the wake of the global pandemic, the landscape of employee engagement has undergone a profound transformation, leaving a lasting impact on organizations worldwide. The pandemic forced organizations to reassess and recalibrate the approaches to employee well-being, and reward systems to boost motivation, working environment, and overall engagement. As businesses adapted to remote work and embraced hybrid models, the traditional dynamics of workplace interaction evolved, presenting both challenges and opportunities. The aim of conducting this research is to study the post-pandemic impact on employee engagement: A study to investigate the influence of rewards and the working environment of employees in Klang Valley, Selangor. The issue of engagement level among employees after the pandemic if rewards and working environment has brought an impact and played an important role in the motivation level among employee engagement. The researcher intends to investigate the gaps in depth if reward and working environment are the same in the post-pandemic era. The researcher supports literature, past studies, and framework by emphasizing the quantitative approach.
References
Abuhashesh,M., Al-Dmour, R. & Masa’deh, R. (2019). Factors that affect Employees engagement and Performance to Increase Customers’ Satisfactions. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 1 – 23.
Admassie, G.A. (2019). Impact of Rewards Management System on Employees’ Satisfaction in Case of DebreBirhan University Administrative Staffs. Journal of Investment and Management. 8(1), 16-24.
Agbozo, G.F., Owusu, I.S., Hoedoafia, M.A. & Atakorah, Y.B. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment on engagement: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Ghana. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(1), 12 – 18.
Akafo, V. & Boateng, P.A. (2015). Impact of Reward and Recognition on Job Satisfaction and Motivation. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 112 -124.
Akpoviroro, K. S. (2018). Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance in CCECC Limited (China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation Nigeria). Developing Country Studies, 8(6), 8-17.
Alegre, I., Mas-Machuca, M., & Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2016). Antecedents of employee engagement: Do they matter?. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1390-1395.
Ali, A., Bin, L.Z., Piang. H.J. & Ali,Z. (2016). The impact of motivation on the employee performance and job satisfaction in IT Park(Software House) Sector of Peshawar, Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,6(9), 297-310.
Alias, N.E. Rohmanan, N.H., Ismail, S., Koe, W.L. & Othman, R. (2018). Factors Influencing Turnover Intention in a Malaysian Manufacturing Company. International Conference on Economics, Business and Economic Education, KnE Social Sciences, 771–787.
Al Mamun, C.A. & Hasan, M.N (2017). Factors affecting employee turnover and sound retention strategies in business organization: a conceptual view. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 5(1), 63 – 71.
Al Naqbi, R.A.K., Md Yusoff, R. & Ismail, F. (2018). The Effect of Incentive System on Job Performance Motivation as Mediator for Public Sector Organization in Uae. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4), 380-388.
Al Omari, K. & Okasheh, H. (2017). The Influence of Work Environment on Job Performance: A Case Study of Engineering Company in Jordan. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(24), 15544-15550.
Amin, R. (2016). engagement of Low-skilled Employees of Manufacturing Industry in Bangladesh: A Case Study. Journal of Investment and Management, 5(6), 166 – 170.
Amoatemaa, A.S. & Kyeremeh, D.D. (2016). Making Employee Recognition a Tool for Achieving Improved Performance: Implication for Ghanaian Universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(34), 46 – 52.
Attiq, S. (2017). The Impact of Employees’ Core Self-Evaluation Personality Trait, Management Support, Co-Worker Support on engagement, And Innovative Work Behaviour. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Vol. 32, No. 1, 247-271.
Azhar, M. F. & Noor, M. (2018). The influence of workload, salary and coworker towards engagement among employees. Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Aziri, B. (2011). Job satisfaction: A literature review. Management research and practice, 3(4), 77-86.
Baruch, Y., Wordsworth, R., Mills, C., & Wright, S. (2016). Career and work attitudes of blue-collar workers, and the impact of a natural disaster chance event on the relationships between intention to quit and actual quit behavior. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(3), 459 – 473.
Bayraktar, O. & Şencan, H. (2017). Employees’ Approaches to Human Resources from the Asset–Resource Concepts Perspective. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(9), 116 – 127.
Beers, B. (2020, February 2020). Regression Definition. Investopedia. Retrieve from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/regression.asp
Bhanu, M.V.V. & Sai Babu, P.C. (2018). Impact of Work Environment and Job Stress towards Job Satisfaction. Journal of Business and Management, 20(1), 1 – 7.
Blokhin, A. (2019). Linear vs. Multiple Regression: What's the Difference? Retrieve from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060315/what-difference-between-linear-regression-and-multiple-regression.asp
Bojadjiev, m., Petkovska, M.S., Misoska, A.T. & Stojanovska, J. (2015). Perceived Work Environment and Job Satisfaction among Public Administration Employee. The European Journal of Economics, 12(1), 10 – 18
Chaturvedi, M. & Raavi, S. (2019). A Study on Employee Engagemnet in Different Sectors. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research, 7(1), 105 – 108.
Cronley, C. & Kim, Y.K. (2017). Intentions to turnover: Testing the moderated effects of organizational culture, as mediated by engagement, within the Salvation Army. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(2), 194-209.
Damayanti.N. (2016). Effect of Work Environment, Work Satisfaction and Work Motivation on the Performance of Accounting Lecturers. Accounting and Finance Review, 1(1), 76 – 83.
Devi, K. R., & Rani, S. S. (2016). The Impact of Organizational Role Stress and Work Family Conflict: Diagnosis Sources of Difficulty at Work Place and engagement among Women in ITS Sector, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 214-220.
Ebenezer, D.C. & Dominic, S. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Edo City Transport Services Benin City, Edo State Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 5(5), 23 – 39.
Edem. M.J., Akpan, E.U. & Pepple, N.M. (2017). Impact of Workplace Environment on Health Workers. Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs, 5(2), 1 – 5.
Ganesan, J., Ling, W.X. & Mun, L.K. (2017). Determinants of Employee Engagement in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 12, 449-454.
Ghazali,H., Jules, N. J., & Othman, M. (2018). Examining the Influence of Perceived Organizational Support towards Job-hopping Behavior: A Case of Casual Dining Restaurant Employees’ in Klang Valley Area, Malaysia. International Journal of Accounting, 3(12), 101-108.
Hajdukova, A. & Klementova, J. (2015). The engagement as a regulator of the working behaviour. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 190, 471- 476.
Hakim, A. (2020). Effect of Compensation, Career Development, Work Environment on engagement and Its Impact on Organizational Commitments in PT Jakarta Tourisindo. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(12), 538 – 548
Hamid, N.Z.A. & Hassan, N. (2015). The Relationship between Workplace Environment and Job Performance in Selected Government Offices in Shah Alam, Selangor. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4(3), 845 – 851.
Haynes, B.P. (2008). The Impact of office comfort on productivity. Journal of Facilities Management, 6 (1), 37-51.
Hee, O. C., Yan, L. H., Rizal, A. M., Kowang, T. O., & Fei, G. C. (2019). Factors Influencing Employee engagement: A Conceptual Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), 331–340.
Hidayah, T. & Tobing, D.S.K. (2018). The Influence of engagement, Motivation, and Organizational Commitment to Employee Performance. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(7), 122 – 127.
Hinsz, V. B., & Nickell, G. S. (2015). The prediction of workers’ food safety intentions and behavior with job attitudes and the reasoned action approach. Revista De Psicología Del Trabajo Y De Las Organizaciones, 31(2), 91-100.
Hussain, S. D., Khaliq, D. A., Nisar, Q. A., Kamboh, A. Z., & Ali, S. (2019). The Impact of Employees’ Recognition, Rewards and Job Stress on Job Performance: Mediating Role of Perceived Organization Support. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(2), 69-82.
Inuwa, M. (2016). engagement and Employee Performance: An Empirical Approach. The Millennium University Journal, 1(1), 90 – 103.
Iqbal, S., Hongyun, T., Akhtar, S., Ahmad, U., & Ankomah N. F. (2020). Impacts of Rewards: Mediating Role of engagement. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 6(3), 1-9.
Jain, R., & Kaur, S. (2014). Impact of work environment on engagement. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(1), 1-8.
Jalagat. R. (2016). Job Performance, engagement, and Motivation: A Critical Review of their Relationship. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 5(6), 36 – 42.
Joo, B.K. &Lee,I. (2017).Workplace happiness: work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Evidence-based HRM.A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 5(2), 206-221.
Joseph, O.B. (2015). The Effect of Employees’ Motivation on Organizational Performance. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 7(4), 62 – 75.
Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K. & Ilic, D. (2015). Work related stress, burnout, engagement and general health of nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(1), 652- 666.
Mahmood, A., Hussan, S. G., Sarfraz, M., Abdullah, M. I. & Basheer, M. F. (2016). Rewards Satisfaction, Perception about Social Status and Commitment of Nurses in Pakistan. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(4), 1049 – 1061.
Masum, A. K. M., Azad, M. A. K., & Beh, L.-S. (2015).Determinants of Academics’ engagement: Empirical Evidence from Private Universities in Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 10(2), e0117834.http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117834
McCombes, S. (2019, May 15). Descriptive research. Retrieve from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptiveresearch/#:~:text=Descriptive%20research%20aims%20to%20accurately,investigate%20one%20or%20more%20variables.
Motlou, R.G., Singh, S. & Karodia, A.M. (2016). An Evaluation of the Impact of engagement on Employee Retention at Lonmin Rowland Shaft North West Province. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(10), 15 – 49.
Nasution, S.K., Lumbanraja, P. & Absah, Y. (2018). Analysis on the influence of individual capacity and work environment on employees’ work satisfaction with motivation as intervening variable at Bumiputera 1912 mutual life insurance, Medan branch office. International Journal of Research & Review, 5(10), 145 -158.
Nickolas, S. (2020). What Do Correlation Coefficients Positive, Negative, and Zero Mean? Retrieve from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032515/what-does-it-mean-if-correlation-coefficient-positive-negative-or-zero.asp
Parul, J. & Havisha, G. (2015). A Study of Employee Satisfaction and its Impact on Employee Retention in Retail Sector. Journal of Business and Management, 17(7), 1-7.
Ramli, A.H. (2019). Work Environment, engagement and Employee Performance in Health Services. Business and Entrepreneurial Review, 19(1), 29 – 42.
Rasool, S.M., Zhao, Y., Samma, M. & Memon, M.A.M. (2018). An Empirical Investigation of Reward, Recognition and Its Impact on engagement and Motivation: Evidences from Banking Sector of China. Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, 31(1), 173 – 188.
Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of Working Environment on engagement. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717-725.
Rbehat, A.M. & Amirah, N.A. (2018). The Impact of Incentives and Job Satisfaction towards Job Performance among Public Sector Doctors in Jordan: A Review of Literature. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(10), 1141 – 1150.
Rezvani, A., Chang, A., Wiewiora, A., Ashkanasy, N., Jordan, P.J., & Zolin, R. (2016). Manager emotional intelligence and project success: The mediating role of job satisfaction and trust. International Journal of Project Management, 34(7), 1112 – 1122.
Saeed, H. M. I. & Nasir, N. (2016). Work environment on job Satisfaction with mediating effect of motivation among school teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology, 3(6), 1-12.
Saidi, N.S.A., Michael, F.L., Sumilan, H., Lim, S.L.O., Jonathan, V., Hamidi, H. & Ahmad, A.I.A. (2019). The Relationship between Working Environment and Employee Performance. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 5(2), 14 – 22.
Samy, C. R. A. A. (2019). Motivation Factors: An Impact towards Employee Performance at Workplace. E-Proceeding of the International Conference on Economic, Entrepreneurship and Management, 1 – 21.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research Methods for Business Students (6 ed.): Pearson.
Schober, P. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126, 1763 – 1768.
Shaju, M. & Subhashini, D. (2017). A study on the impact of engagement on Job Performance of Employees working in Automobile Industry, Punjab, India. Journal of Management Research, 9 (1), 117 – 130.
Sukdeo, N. (2017). The effect of the working environment on employee satisfaction and productivity: a case study in a clothing manufacturing factory. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bogota, Colombia, 1112 – 1121.
Suwati, S., Magdalena, M., Gagah, E. (2016). Influence of Motivation Work, Career Development and Cultural Organization on the engagement and Implications on the Performance of employees. Journal of Management, 2(2), 1 – 15.
Tahir, N. K. M., Hussein, N., & Rahim, A. R. A. (2020). Job Demands and Job Resources on engagement: A Study of Staff Nurses at a General Hospital in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(13), 41–50.
Tay, S.I.,Chuan,L.T., Aziati, A.H.N. & Ahmad, A.N.A. (2018). An Overview of Industry 4.0: Definition, Components, and Government Initiatives. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 10(14), 1379 – 1387.
Theresa, I.N. & Henry, C.E. (2016). Impact of engagement on Employee Performance: A Study of Nigerian Breweries PLC Kaduna State Branch, Nigeria. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(11), 13 – 23.
Zikmund, W. G, Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C. & Griffin, M. (2010). Business Research Methods (8th Ed.). New York: South- Western/ Cengage Learning.
Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. & Griffin, M. (2013). Business Research Methods (9th Ed). Singapore: South – Western, Cengage Learning.
Admassie, G.A. (2019). Impact of Rewards Management System on Employees’ Satisfaction in Case of DebreBirhan University Administrative Staffs. Journal of Investment and Management. 8(1), 16-24.
Agbozo, G.F., Owusu, I.S., Hoedoafia, M.A. & Atakorah, Y.B. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment on engagement: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Ghana. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(1), 12 – 18.
Akafo, V. & Boateng, P.A. (2015). Impact of Reward and Recognition on Job Satisfaction and Motivation. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 112 -124.
Akpoviroro, K. S. (2018). Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance in CCECC Limited (China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation Nigeria). Developing Country Studies, 8(6), 8-17.
Alegre, I., Mas-Machuca, M., & Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2016). Antecedents of employee engagement: Do they matter?. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1390-1395.
Ali, A., Bin, L.Z., Piang. H.J. & Ali,Z. (2016). The impact of motivation on the employee performance and job satisfaction in IT Park(Software House) Sector of Peshawar, Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,6(9), 297-310.
Alias, N.E. Rohmanan, N.H., Ismail, S., Koe, W.L. & Othman, R. (2018). Factors Influencing Turnover Intention in a Malaysian Manufacturing Company. International Conference on Economics, Business and Economic Education, KnE Social Sciences, 771–787.
Al Mamun, C.A. & Hasan, M.N (2017). Factors affecting employee turnover and sound retention strategies in business organization: a conceptual view. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 5(1), 63 – 71.
Al Naqbi, R.A.K., Md Yusoff, R. & Ismail, F. (2018). The Effect of Incentive System on Job Performance Motivation as Mediator for Public Sector Organization in Uae. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4), 380-388.
Al Omari, K. & Okasheh, H. (2017). The Influence of Work Environment on Job Performance: A Case Study of Engineering Company in Jordan. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(24), 15544-15550.
Amin, R. (2016). engagement of Low-skilled Employees of Manufacturing Industry in Bangladesh: A Case Study. Journal of Investment and Management, 5(6), 166 – 170.
Amoatemaa, A.S. & Kyeremeh, D.D. (2016). Making Employee Recognition a Tool for Achieving Improved Performance: Implication for Ghanaian Universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(34), 46 – 52.
Attiq, S. (2017). The Impact of Employees’ Core Self-Evaluation Personality Trait, Management Support, Co-Worker Support on engagement, And Innovative Work Behaviour. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, Vol. 32, No. 1, 247-271.
Azhar, M. F. & Noor, M. (2018). The influence of workload, salary and coworker towards engagement among employees. Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Aziri, B. (2011). Job satisfaction: A literature review. Management research and practice, 3(4), 77-86.
Baruch, Y., Wordsworth, R., Mills, C., & Wright, S. (2016). Career and work attitudes of blue-collar workers, and the impact of a natural disaster chance event on the relationships between intention to quit and actual quit behavior. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(3), 459 – 473.
Bayraktar, O. & Şencan, H. (2017). Employees’ Approaches to Human Resources from the Asset–Resource Concepts Perspective. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(9), 116 – 127.
Beers, B. (2020, February 2020). Regression Definition. Investopedia. Retrieve from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/regression.asp
Bhanu, M.V.V. & Sai Babu, P.C. (2018). Impact of Work Environment and Job Stress towards Job Satisfaction. Journal of Business and Management, 20(1), 1 – 7.
Blokhin, A. (2019). Linear vs. Multiple Regression: What's the Difference? Retrieve from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060315/what-difference-between-linear-regression-and-multiple-regression.asp
Bojadjiev, m., Petkovska, M.S., Misoska, A.T. & Stojanovska, J. (2015). Perceived Work Environment and Job Satisfaction among Public Administration Employee. The European Journal of Economics, 12(1), 10 – 18
Chaturvedi, M. & Raavi, S. (2019). A Study on Employee Engagemnet in Different Sectors. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research, 7(1), 105 – 108.
Cronley, C. & Kim, Y.K. (2017). Intentions to turnover: Testing the moderated effects of organizational culture, as mediated by engagement, within the Salvation Army. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(2), 194-209.
Damayanti.N. (2016). Effect of Work Environment, Work Satisfaction and Work Motivation on the Performance of Accounting Lecturers. Accounting and Finance Review, 1(1), 76 – 83.
Devi, K. R., & Rani, S. S. (2016). The Impact of Organizational Role Stress and Work Family Conflict: Diagnosis Sources of Difficulty at Work Place and engagement among Women in ITS Sector, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 214-220.
Ebenezer, D.C. & Dominic, S. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Edo City Transport Services Benin City, Edo State Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 5(5), 23 – 39.
Edem. M.J., Akpan, E.U. & Pepple, N.M. (2017). Impact of Workplace Environment on Health Workers. Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs, 5(2), 1 – 5.
Ganesan, J., Ling, W.X. & Mun, L.K. (2017). Determinants of Employee Engagement in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 12, 449-454.
Ghazali,H., Jules, N. J., & Othman, M. (2018). Examining the Influence of Perceived Organizational Support towards Job-hopping Behavior: A Case of Casual Dining Restaurant Employees’ in Klang Valley Area, Malaysia. International Journal of Accounting, 3(12), 101-108.
Hajdukova, A. & Klementova, J. (2015). The engagement as a regulator of the working behaviour. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 190, 471- 476.
Hakim, A. (2020). Effect of Compensation, Career Development, Work Environment on engagement and Its Impact on Organizational Commitments in PT Jakarta Tourisindo. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(12), 538 – 548
Hamid, N.Z.A. & Hassan, N. (2015). The Relationship between Workplace Environment and Job Performance in Selected Government Offices in Shah Alam, Selangor. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4(3), 845 – 851.
Haynes, B.P. (2008). The Impact of office comfort on productivity. Journal of Facilities Management, 6 (1), 37-51.
Hee, O. C., Yan, L. H., Rizal, A. M., Kowang, T. O., & Fei, G. C. (2019). Factors Influencing Employee engagement: A Conceptual Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), 331–340.
Hidayah, T. & Tobing, D.S.K. (2018). The Influence of engagement, Motivation, and Organizational Commitment to Employee Performance. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(7), 122 – 127.
Hinsz, V. B., & Nickell, G. S. (2015). The prediction of workers’ food safety intentions and behavior with job attitudes and the reasoned action approach. Revista De Psicología Del Trabajo Y De Las Organizaciones, 31(2), 91-100.
Hussain, S. D., Khaliq, D. A., Nisar, Q. A., Kamboh, A. Z., & Ali, S. (2019). The Impact of Employees’ Recognition, Rewards and Job Stress on Job Performance: Mediating Role of Perceived Organization Support. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 2(2), 69-82.
Inuwa, M. (2016). engagement and Employee Performance: An Empirical Approach. The Millennium University Journal, 1(1), 90 – 103.
Iqbal, S., Hongyun, T., Akhtar, S., Ahmad, U., & Ankomah N. F. (2020). Impacts of Rewards: Mediating Role of engagement. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 6(3), 1-9.
Jain, R., & Kaur, S. (2014). Impact of work environment on engagement. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(1), 1-8.
Jalagat. R. (2016). Job Performance, engagement, and Motivation: A Critical Review of their Relationship. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 5(6), 36 – 42.
Joo, B.K. &Lee,I. (2017).Workplace happiness: work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Evidence-based HRM.A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 5(2), 206-221.
Joseph, O.B. (2015). The Effect of Employees’ Motivation on Organizational Performance. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 7(4), 62 – 75.
Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K. & Ilic, D. (2015). Work related stress, burnout, engagement and general health of nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(1), 652- 666.
Mahmood, A., Hussan, S. G., Sarfraz, M., Abdullah, M. I. & Basheer, M. F. (2016). Rewards Satisfaction, Perception about Social Status and Commitment of Nurses in Pakistan. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(4), 1049 – 1061.
Masum, A. K. M., Azad, M. A. K., & Beh, L.-S. (2015).Determinants of Academics’ engagement: Empirical Evidence from Private Universities in Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 10(2), e0117834.http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117834
McCombes, S. (2019, May 15). Descriptive research. Retrieve from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptiveresearch/#:~:text=Descriptive%20research%20aims%20to%20accurately,investigate%20one%20or%20more%20variables.
Motlou, R.G., Singh, S. & Karodia, A.M. (2016). An Evaluation of the Impact of engagement on Employee Retention at Lonmin Rowland Shaft North West Province. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(10), 15 – 49.
Nasution, S.K., Lumbanraja, P. & Absah, Y. (2018). Analysis on the influence of individual capacity and work environment on employees’ work satisfaction with motivation as intervening variable at Bumiputera 1912 mutual life insurance, Medan branch office. International Journal of Research & Review, 5(10), 145 -158.
Nickolas, S. (2020). What Do Correlation Coefficients Positive, Negative, and Zero Mean? Retrieve from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032515/what-does-it-mean-if-correlation-coefficient-positive-negative-or-zero.asp
Parul, J. & Havisha, G. (2015). A Study of Employee Satisfaction and its Impact on Employee Retention in Retail Sector. Journal of Business and Management, 17(7), 1-7.
Ramli, A.H. (2019). Work Environment, engagement and Employee Performance in Health Services. Business and Entrepreneurial Review, 19(1), 29 – 42.
Rasool, S.M., Zhao, Y., Samma, M. & Memon, M.A.M. (2018). An Empirical Investigation of Reward, Recognition and Its Impact on engagement and Motivation: Evidences from Banking Sector of China. Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, 31(1), 173 – 188.
Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of Working Environment on engagement. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717-725.
Rbehat, A.M. & Amirah, N.A. (2018). The Impact of Incentives and Job Satisfaction towards Job Performance among Public Sector Doctors in Jordan: A Review of Literature. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(10), 1141 – 1150.
Rezvani, A., Chang, A., Wiewiora, A., Ashkanasy, N., Jordan, P.J., & Zolin, R. (2016). Manager emotional intelligence and project success: The mediating role of job satisfaction and trust. International Journal of Project Management, 34(7), 1112 – 1122.
Saeed, H. M. I. & Nasir, N. (2016). Work environment on job Satisfaction with mediating effect of motivation among school teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology, 3(6), 1-12.
Saidi, N.S.A., Michael, F.L., Sumilan, H., Lim, S.L.O., Jonathan, V., Hamidi, H. & Ahmad, A.I.A. (2019). The Relationship between Working Environment and Employee Performance. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 5(2), 14 – 22.
Samy, C. R. A. A. (2019). Motivation Factors: An Impact towards Employee Performance at Workplace. E-Proceeding of the International Conference on Economic, Entrepreneurship and Management, 1 – 21.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research Methods for Business Students (6 ed.): Pearson.
Schober, P. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126, 1763 – 1768.
Shaju, M. & Subhashini, D. (2017). A study on the impact of engagement on Job Performance of Employees working in Automobile Industry, Punjab, India. Journal of Management Research, 9 (1), 117 – 130.
Sukdeo, N. (2017). The effect of the working environment on employee satisfaction and productivity: a case study in a clothing manufacturing factory. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bogota, Colombia, 1112 – 1121.
Suwati, S., Magdalena, M., Gagah, E. (2016). Influence of Motivation Work, Career Development and Cultural Organization on the engagement and Implications on the Performance of employees. Journal of Management, 2(2), 1 – 15.
Tahir, N. K. M., Hussein, N., & Rahim, A. R. A. (2020). Job Demands and Job Resources on engagement: A Study of Staff Nurses at a General Hospital in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(13), 41–50.
Tay, S.I.,Chuan,L.T., Aziati, A.H.N. & Ahmad, A.N.A. (2018). An Overview of Industry 4.0: Definition, Components, and Government Initiatives. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 10(14), 1379 – 1387.
Theresa, I.N. & Henry, C.E. (2016). Impact of engagement on Employee Performance: A Study of Nigerian Breweries PLC Kaduna State Branch, Nigeria. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(11), 13 – 23.
Zikmund, W. G, Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C. & Griffin, M. (2010). Business Research Methods (8th Ed.). New York: South- Western/ Cengage Learning.
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Published
2024-06-01
How to Cite
ANTHONY SAMY, Christina Rathy.
The Post Pandemic Impact Towards Employee Engagement: A Study to Investigate the Influence of Rewards and Working Environment of Employees in Klang Valley, Selangor.
International Journal of Business and Technology Management, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, p. 281-296, june 2024.
ISSN 2682-7646.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbtm/article/view/26905>. Date accessed: 16 jan. 2025.
Section
English Section
