The Impact of Slow Food Consumption in Cities and Smart Cities
Abstract
Processed, nutrient-poor foods around the world are causing serious health problems such as obesity and diabetes as well as environmental problems such as urban carbon emissions. Making cities more ecological and livable is an urgent global priority for sustainable development. The Slow Food Movement is a significant initiative that promotes sustainable development by providing high quality, environmentally friendly and socially just food for everyone. The aim of this article is to propose a framework that demonstrates how a slow food approach, focused on providing good, clean, and fair food, can be integrated into a sustainable development model for smart cities. This model is rooted in the principles of local economic development, which considers the roles of consumers, producers, distribution channels, and local authorities in promoting sustainability. Smart cities can play a crucial role in reducing food waste and transportation costs by promoting seasonal, locally sourced, and sustainable food options. This can be achieved through preserving traditional techniques and knowledge, as well as promoting shorter production and distribution chains. Community-run markets are an excellent way to provide consumers with healthy, high-quality food at fair prices, while also encouraging local economic development. To achieve a sustainable and smart city, it is essential to foster collaboration between governments, businesses, local communities, and consumers. This collaborative effort will promote a smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, and smart governance. By working together, these stakeholders can create a more sustainable and resilient food system, which is essential for the health and wellbeing of both the city and its inhabitants.
References
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Eriksson, M., Strid, I., & Hansson, P. A. (2015). Carbon footprint of food waste management options in the waste hierarchy - A Swedish case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 93, 115-125.
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Grewal, S. S., & Grewal, P. S. (2012). Can cities become self-reliant in food? Cities, 29(1), 1-11.
Guven, H., Wang, Z., & Eriksson, O. (2019). Evaluation of future food waste management alternatives in Istanbul from the life cycle assessment perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 117999.
Hadley, C., Linzer, D. A., Belachew, T., Mariam, A. G., Tessema, F., & Lindstrom, D. (2011). Household capacities, vulnerabilities and food insecurity: Shifts in food insecurity in urban and rural Ethiopia during the 2008 food crisis. Social Science and Medicine, 73(10), 1534-1542.
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Jamal, T. (2019). Justice and ethics in tourism. Routledge.
Jones, P., Shears, P., Hillier, D., Comfort, D., & Lowell, J. (2003). Return to traditional values? A case study of Slow Food. British Food Journal, 105, 297–304.
Jung, T., Ineson, E. M., Kim, M., & Yap, M. H. T. (2015). Influence of festival attribute qualities on Slow Food tourists’ experience, satisfaction level and revisit intention: The case of the Mold Food and Drink Festival. In Journal of Vacation Marketing (Vol. 21, Issue 3, pp. 277–288). SAGE Publications Ltd.
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Lee, I., & Arcodia, C. (2011). The Role of Regional Food Festivals for Destination Branding. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(4) ， 355-367.
Leitch, A. (2003). Slow food and the politics of pork fat: Italian food and European identity. Ethnos, 68(4), 437–462.
Lin, B. B., Philpott, S. M., & Jha, S. (2015). The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps. Basic and applied ecology, 16(3), 189-201.
Lovell, S. T. (2010). Multifunctional urban agriculture for sustainable land use planning in the United States. Sustainability, 2(8), 2499-2522.
McClintock, N. (2010). Why farm the city? Theorizing urban agriculture through a lens of metabolic rift. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(2), 191-207.
Meng, B., & Choi, K. (2016). Extending the theory of planned behaviour: testing the effects of authentic perception and environmental concerns on the slow-tourist decision-making process. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(6), 528–544.
Mitchell, R., & Hall, C. M. (2004). Consuming tourists: Food tourism consumer behaviour. In Food tourism around the world (pp. 60-80). Routledge.
Munjal, S., Sharma, S., & Menon, P. (2016). Moving towards “Slow Food”, the new frontier of culinary innovation in India: The Vedatya experience. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 8(4), 444–460.
Nosi, C., & Zanni, L. (2004). Moving from “typical products” to “food-related services”: The Slow Food case as a new business paradigm. British Food Journal, 106, 779–792.
Orsini, F., Kahane, R., Nono-Womdim, R., & Gianquinto, G. (2013). Urban agriculture in the developing world: a review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 33(4), 695-720.
Petrini, C. (2013). Slow food nation: why our food should be good, clean, and fair. Rizzoli Ex Libris.
Pietrykowski, B. (2004). You are what you eat: The social economy of the slow food movement. Review of Social Economy, 62(3), 307–321.
Pimentel, D., & Pimentel, M. H. (Eds.). (2007). Food, energy, and society. CRC press.
Satterthwaite, D., McGranahan, G., & Tacoli, C. (2010). Urbanization and its implications for food and farming. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Vol. 365, Issue 1554, pp. 2809–2820). Royal Society.
Schlosser, E. (2012). Fast food nation: The dark side of the all-American meal. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Shi, Y., Zhai, G., Zhou, S., Chen, W., & He, Z. (2019). Slow City development in China: process, approaches and acceptability. Third World Quarterly, 40(7), 1265–1282.
Specht, K., Siebert, R., Hartmann, I., Freisinger, U. B., Sawicka, M., Werner, A., Thomaier, S., Henckel, D., Walk, H., & Dierich, A. (2014). Urban agriculture of the future: An overview of sustainability aspects of food production in and on buildings. Agriculture and Human Values, 31(1), 33-51.
Taş Gürsoy, İ. (2021). Slow food justice and tourism: tracing Karakılçık bread in Seferihisar, Turkey. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2–3), 466–486.
Ulusoy, E. (2016). Experiential responsible consumption. Journal of Business Research, 69(1), 284–297.
van Bommel, K., & Spicer, A. (2011). Hail the snail: Hegemonic struggles in the slow food movement. Organization Studies, 32(12), 1717–1744.
Viitanen, J., & Kingston, R. (2014). Smart cities and green growth: Outsourcing democratic and environmental resilience to the global technology sector. Environment and Planning A, 46(4), 803-819.
Wang, L. E., Liu, G., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Gao, J., Zhou, B., ... & Cheng, S. (2017). The weight of unfinished plate: A survey based characterization of restaurant food waste in Chinese cities. Waste Management, 66, 3-12.
Waqas, M., Nizami, A. S., Aburiazaiza, A. S., Barakat, M. A., Rashid, M. I., & Ismail, I. M. I. (2018). Optimizing the process of food waste compost and valorizing its applications: A case study of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176，426-438.
Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., Balaouras, S., Dines, R. A., Hayes, N., & Nelson, L. E. (2009). Helping CIOs understand “smart city” initiatives. Growth, 17(2), 1-17.
Weaver, L. J., Owens, C., Tessema, F., Kebede, A., & Hadley, C. (2021). Unpacking the “black box” of global food insecurity and mental health. Social Science & Medicine, 282, 114042.
Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35(4) ， 265-273.
Zhang, R., El-Mashad, H. M., Hartman, K., Wang, F., Liu, G., Choate, C., & Gamble, P. (2007). Characterization of food waste as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 98(4), 929-935.
Björk, P., & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2014). Culinary-gastronomic tourism – a search for local food experiences. Nutrition and Food Science, 44(4).
Bodor, J. N., Rose, D., Farley, T. A., Swalm, C., & Scott, S. K. (2008). Neighbourhood fruit and vegetable availability and consumption: The role of small food stores in an urban environment. Public Health Nutrition, 11(4), 413-420.
Boniface, P. (2017). Tasting tourism: Travelling for food and drink. In Tasting Tourism: Travelling for Food and Drink. Routledge.
Brown, D. R., & Brewster, L. G. (2015). The food environment is a complex social network. In Social Science and Medicine, 133, 202-204.
Caragliu, A., del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2).
Cooksey-Stowers, K., Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. (2017). Food swamps predict obesity rates better than food deserts in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(11).1366.
Davis, J., Magadzire, N., Hemerijckx, L. M., Maes, T., Durno, D., Kenyana, N., Lwasa, S., van Rompaey, A., Verburg, P. H., & May, J. (2022). Precision approaches to food insecurity: A spatial analysis of urban hunger and its contextual correlates in an African city. World Development, 149, 105694.
de Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C., & Weijnen, M. (2015). Sustainable-smart-resilient-low carbon-eco-knowledge cities; Making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 25–38.
Dickinson, J., & Lumsdon, L. (2010). Slow Travel and Tourism. Routledge.
Eriksson, M., Strid, I., & Hansson, P. A. (2015). Carbon footprint of food waste management options in the waste hierarchy - A Swedish case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 93, 115-125.
Forssell, S., & Lankoski, L. (2015). The sustainability promise of alternative food networks: an examination through “alternative” characteristics. Agriculture and Human Values, 32(1), 63-75.
Grewal, S. S., & Grewal, P. S. (2012). Can cities become self-reliant in food? Cities, 29(1), 1-11.
Guven, H., Wang, Z., & Eriksson, O. (2019). Evaluation of future food waste management alternatives in Istanbul from the life cycle assessment perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 117999.
Hadley, C., Linzer, D. A., Belachew, T., Mariam, A. G., Tessema, F., & Lindstrom, D. (2011). Household capacities, vulnerabilities and food insecurity: Shifts in food insecurity in urban and rural Ethiopia during the 2008 food crisis. Social Science and Medicine, 73(10), 1534-1542.
Hadley, C., Stevenson, E. G. J., Tadesse, Y., & Belachew, T. (2012). Rapidly rising food prices and the experience of food insecurity in urban Ethiopia: Impacts on health and well-being. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12), 2412-2419.
Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for Smarter Cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 54(4), 1-16.
Honore, C. (2004). In praise of slow: How a worldwide movement is challenging the cult of speed. Orion Books.
Jamal, T. (2019). Justice and ethics in tourism. Routledge.
Jones, P., Shears, P., Hillier, D., Comfort, D., & Lowell, J. (2003). Return to traditional values? A case study of Slow Food. British Food Journal, 105, 297–304.
Jung, T., Ineson, E. M., Kim, M., & Yap, M. H. T. (2015). Influence of festival attribute qualities on Slow Food tourists’ experience, satisfaction level and revisit intention: The case of the Mold Food and Drink Festival. In Journal of Vacation Marketing (Vol. 21, Issue 3, pp. 277–288). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Kenworthy, J. R. (2006). The eco-city: Ten key transport and planning dimensions for sustainable city development. Environment and Urbanization, 18(1) ，67-85.
Khatoun, R., & Zeadally, S. (2016). Smart cities: concepts, architectures, research opportunities. Communications of the ACM, 59(8), 46-57.
King, C. (2017). Informal assistance to urban families and the risk of household food insecurity. Social Science and Medicine, 189，105-113.
Kumar, V., & Dahiya, B. (2017). Smart economy in smart cities. In Smart economy in smart cities (pp. 3-76). Springer, Singapore.
Lee, I., & Arcodia, C. (2011). The Role of Regional Food Festivals for Destination Branding. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(4) ， 355-367.
Leitch, A. (2003). Slow food and the politics of pork fat: Italian food and European identity. Ethnos, 68(4), 437–462.
Lin, B. B., Philpott, S. M., & Jha, S. (2015). The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps. Basic and applied ecology, 16(3), 189-201.
Lovell, S. T. (2010). Multifunctional urban agriculture for sustainable land use planning in the United States. Sustainability, 2(8), 2499-2522.
McClintock, N. (2010). Why farm the city? Theorizing urban agriculture through a lens of metabolic rift. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(2), 191-207.
Meng, B., & Choi, K. (2016). Extending the theory of planned behaviour: testing the effects of authentic perception and environmental concerns on the slow-tourist decision-making process. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(6), 528–544.
Mitchell, R., & Hall, C. M. (2004). Consuming tourists: Food tourism consumer behaviour. In Food tourism around the world (pp. 60-80). Routledge.
Munjal, S., Sharma, S., & Menon, P. (2016). Moving towards “Slow Food”, the new frontier of culinary innovation in India: The Vedatya experience. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 8(4), 444–460.
Nosi, C., & Zanni, L. (2004). Moving from “typical products” to “food-related services”: The Slow Food case as a new business paradigm. British Food Journal, 106, 779–792.
Orsini, F., Kahane, R., Nono-Womdim, R., & Gianquinto, G. (2013). Urban agriculture in the developing world: a review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 33(4), 695-720.
Petrini, C. (2013). Slow food nation: why our food should be good, clean, and fair. Rizzoli Ex Libris.
Pietrykowski, B. (2004). You are what you eat: The social economy of the slow food movement. Review of Social Economy, 62(3), 307–321.
Pimentel, D., & Pimentel, M. H. (Eds.). (2007). Food, energy, and society. CRC press.
Satterthwaite, D., McGranahan, G., & Tacoli, C. (2010). Urbanization and its implications for food and farming. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (Vol. 365, Issue 1554, pp. 2809–2820). Royal Society.
Schlosser, E. (2012). Fast food nation: The dark side of the all-American meal. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Shi, Y., Zhai, G., Zhou, S., Chen, W., & He, Z. (2019). Slow City development in China: process, approaches and acceptability. Third World Quarterly, 40(7), 1265–1282.
Specht, K., Siebert, R., Hartmann, I., Freisinger, U. B., Sawicka, M., Werner, A., Thomaier, S., Henckel, D., Walk, H., & Dierich, A. (2014). Urban agriculture of the future: An overview of sustainability aspects of food production in and on buildings. Agriculture and Human Values, 31(1), 33-51.
Taş Gürsoy, İ. (2021). Slow food justice and tourism: tracing Karakılçık bread in Seferihisar, Turkey. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2–3), 466–486.
Ulusoy, E. (2016). Experiential responsible consumption. Journal of Business Research, 69(1), 284–297.
van Bommel, K., & Spicer, A. (2011). Hail the snail: Hegemonic struggles in the slow food movement. Organization Studies, 32(12), 1717–1744.
Viitanen, J., & Kingston, R. (2014). Smart cities and green growth: Outsourcing democratic and environmental resilience to the global technology sector. Environment and Planning A, 46(4), 803-819.
Wang, L. E., Liu, G., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Gao, J., Zhou, B., ... & Cheng, S. (2017). The weight of unfinished plate: A survey based characterization of restaurant food waste in Chinese cities. Waste Management, 66, 3-12.
Waqas, M., Nizami, A. S., Aburiazaiza, A. S., Barakat, M. A., Rashid, M. I., & Ismail, I. M. I. (2018). Optimizing the process of food waste compost and valorizing its applications: A case study of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176，426-438.
Washburn, D., Sindhu, U., Balaouras, S., Dines, R. A., Hayes, N., & Nelson, L. E. (2009). Helping CIOs understand “smart city” initiatives. Growth, 17(2), 1-17.
Weaver, L. J., Owens, C., Tessema, F., Kebede, A., & Hadley, C. (2021). Unpacking the “black box” of global food insecurity and mental health. Social Science & Medicine, 282, 114042.
Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35(4) ， 265-273.
Zhang, R., El-Mashad, H. M., Hartman, K., Wang, F., Liu, G., Choate, C., & Gamble, P. (2007). Characterization of food waste as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 98(4), 929-935.
Published
2023-09-01
How to Cite
YANG, Juan; MOHD ISA, Salmi.
The Impact of Slow Food Consumption in Cities and Smart Cities.
International Journal of Business and Technology Management, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 3, p. 270-287, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2682-7646.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbtm/article/view/23755>. Date accessed: 16 sep. 2024.
Section
Articles
