Leadership Development through Personal Branding: A Case Study on Jackie Chan
Abstract
This paper will analyze how Jackie Chan, a famous and successful performing artist, director, and producer of martial arts comedy films, has been developing his leadership in his field through his personal branding strategy. This paper examined Jackie Chan’s personal branding journey from his early stage of career development till his transformation from an action movie star to a celebrity. By means of qualitative research methodology, such as primary material from Jacky’s autobiography, secondary data mined from the extant literature, and interview records, Jackie Chan was found to display and promote his leadership through building and using his personal brand both on and off the screen. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a road map and practical strategies for that leaders-to-be who wish to exemplify their leadership for attracting and keeping their followers.
References
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Bell, C. & Mjoli, T. (2014). The effects of participative leadership on organisational commitment: Comparing its effect on two gender groups among bank clerks. African Journal of Business Management, 8(12), 451-459.
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Chen, C. (2013). Exploring Personal Branding on YouTube, Journal of Internet Commerce, 12, 332-347.
Connelly, B.L., Certo, S.T., Ireland R.D. & Reutzel, C.R. (2011). Signaling Theory: A Review and Assessment. Journal of Management. 2011, 37:39.
Davenport and Back. (2001). The Attention Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.De Chernatony & McDonald, 2003.
Dess, G. G., & Picken, J. C. (2000). Changing roles: Leadership in the 21st century.Organizational Dynamics, 29(4), 18–33.
Dobbins, G. H., & Platz, S. J. (1986). Sex differences in leadership: How real are they? Academy of Management Review, 1, 118-127.
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Gamson, J. (1994). Claims to Fame: Celebrity in Contemporary America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gander, M. (2014). Managing your personal brand. Perspectives 18, 99–102.
Gandini, A. (2016). Digital work: self-branding and social capital in the freelance knowledge economy. Marketing Theory 16, 123
Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. 1st Edition. New York, NY: Anchor Books
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Guinness World Records News Published 05 December 2012 https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/12/jackie-chan-awarded-with-two-new-guinness-world-records titles-46127.
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House, R. J., & Shamir, B. (1993). Toward the integration of transformational, charismatic, and visionary theories. M. M. Chemers, & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and direction, (pp. 81–107). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
House, R. J., & Aditya, R. N. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership quo vadis. Journal of Management, 23, 409-473.
Johari, M. (2008). The influence of leadership style on internal marketing retaining. Unpublished PhD Thesis submitted to University of Stirling.
Kahneman and Tversky. (1984). Choices, Values, and Frames. American Psychologist. 39. 341- 350
Karaduman, I. (2013). The effect of social media on personal branding efforts of top-level executives. Presented in the 9th International Strategic Management Conference. Social and Behavior Sciences. 99, 465-473.
Khan, Z. A., Nawaz, A., & Khan, I. (2016). Leadership theories and styles: A literature review.Journal of Resources Development and Management, 16 (1), 1-8.
Khamis, S., Ang, L. and Welling, R. (2017). Self-branding, ‘mirco-celebrity’ and the rise of social media. Celebrity Studies. Vol. 8 (2), 191-208.
Khedher, M. (2015). A Brand for Everyone: Guidelines for Personal Brand Managing. Journal of Global Business Issues. Spring/Summer 2015, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p19-27.
Labrecque, L. L., Markos, E., and Milne, G. R. (2011). Online personal branding: processes, challenges, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 25, 37-50. Lair, D. J., Sullivan, K., and Cheney, G. (2005). Marketing and the recasting of the professional self: the rhetoric and ethics of personal branding. Management Communication Quarterly, 18(3):307-343.
Lau, D. W. S. (2016). Actor or ambassador? The star persona of Jackie Chan in social media. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. Vol. 30 (2) 231-247.
Magaldi, D., & Berler, M. (2020). Semi-structured interviews. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1-6). Springer.
Maj, E. R. (2011). Leadership theories and style: A transitional approach. General Douglas MacArthur military leadership writing competition, 1-18. dcl_SecondPlaceEssay_1102.pdf
Mackerras, C. (1997). Peking Opera. Hong Kong, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Magaldi, D., & Berler, M. (2020). Semi-structured interviews. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K.Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1-6). Springer.
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McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), 117-130.
Montoya, P. (2002). The Personal Branding Phenomenon: Realize Greater Influence, Explosive Income Growth and Rapid Career Advancement by Applying the Branding Techniques of Oprah, Martha and Michael, Personal Branding Press.
Nemai, B. (2012). The impact of participative leadership on employee's motivation, job satisfaction and innovation. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in project management, Faculty of Business, The British University in Dubai.
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Nwokocha, I. & Iheriohanma, E. B. J. (2015). Nexus between leadership styles, employee retention and performance in organizations in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 11(13), 186- 209.
Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca. (1970). The New Rhetoric. Notre Dame. Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.
Peters, T. (1997). The brand called you. Fast Company, 10, 83-90.
Pratto, F. and John, O.P. (1991). Automatic Vigilance: The Attention-Grabbing Power of Negative Social Information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 61. 380-391.
Rampershad H. (2008). Authentic Personal Branding. Effective Personal and Company Brand Management: A new Blueprint for Powerful and Authentic Personal and Company Branding. USA, Information Age Publishing Inc.
Samad, S. (2012). The influence of Innovation and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 57 (2012) 486- 493. Somech, A. (2005). Directive versus participative leadership: Two complementary approaches to managing school effectiveness. Education Administration Quarterly, 41(5), 777-800.
Schön, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York:Basic Books. Paperback ed. Aldershot, U.K.
Shelton, K. (2012). Model Leader: Jackie Chan – we can learn lessons in authentic leadership.Editor’s Note. Leadership Excellence, Dec 2012; 29, 12; ProQuest pg. 2.
Shepherd, I. D. H. (2005). From cattle and coke to Charlie: meeting the challenge of self-marketing and personal branding. Journal of Marketing Management. 21:589-606.
Somech, A. (2005). Directive versus participative leadership: Two complementary approaches to managing school effectiveness. Education Administration Quarterly, 41(5), 777-800.
Swarup, B. (2013). Leadership. Retrieved from.
Tarnovskaya, V. (2017). Reinventing Personal Branding Building a Personal Brand throughContent on YouTube. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing. Vol.3, Issue 1.
Tolson, A. (1996). Mediations: Texts and Discourses. London: Arnold
Turner, G. (2007). The Economy of Celebrity. In Stardom and Celebrity: A Reader, edited by S. Redmond, and S. Holmes, 193-205. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Ushie, E. M., Agba, A. M., Ogaboh, A. M., Agba, M. S. & Chime, J. (2010). Leadership styleand employees’intrinsic job satisfaction in the Cross-River newspaper corporation, Calabar, Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 5(1), 61-73.
Vroom, V. H. and Yetton, P. W. (1973). Leadership and Decision-Making. University of Pittsburgh Pre, 1973
Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations. New York: Free Press.
Zervas, C. & David, L. (2013). Leadership style: Is there one best, or is flexibility worth developing? Retrieved from http://www.leadershipadvant
Amabile, T. M., Schatzel, E. A., Moneta, G. B., & Kramer, S. J. (2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: Perceived leader support. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 5– 32.
Ariguzo, V. A. & Okoro, M. O. (2018). Leadership: A Theoretical and Empirical Discourse.International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge Volume-3 Issue-6, June-2018 www.ijirk.
Arruda, W. (2005). Web site of William Arruda.www.reachcc.com
Arruda, W. (2009). Brand Communication: The 3 Cs. Thunderbird International Business Review Vol. 51, No. 5 September/October 2009
Avolio, B. J., & Gibbons, T. C. (1988). Developing transformational leaders: A life span approach. In J. A. Conger & R. N. Kanungo (Eds.), Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness (pp. 276-308). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1997). Full range leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Redwood City, CA: Mindgarden, Palo Alto.
Bass, B. M. (1990b). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
Bell, C. & Mjoli, T. (2014). The effects of participative leadership on organisational commitment: Comparing its effect on two gender groups among bank clerks. African Journal of Business Management, 8(12), 451-459.
Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1964). The management grids. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co.
Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1978). The new managerial grid. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co.Blake & Mouton, 1978.
Carlyle, T. (1888). On heroes, hero-worship and the heroic in history. New York: Fredrick A.Stokes & Brother.
Chan, Jackie (1998). I am Jackie Chan: My life in Action (with Jeff Yang), Basingstoke, UK: Pan Books.
Chen, C. (2013). Exploring Personal Branding on YouTube, Journal of Internet Commerce, 12, 332-347.
Connelly, B.L., Certo, S.T., Ireland R.D. & Reutzel, C.R. (2011). Signaling Theory: A Review and Assessment. Journal of Management. 2011, 37:39.
Davenport and Back. (2001). The Attention Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.De Chernatony & McDonald, 2003.
Dess, G. G., & Picken, J. C. (2000). Changing roles: Leadership in the 21st century.Organizational Dynamics, 29(4), 18–33.
Dobbins, G. H., & Platz, S. J. (1986). Sex differences in leadership: How real are they? Academy of Management Review, 1, 118-127.
DuPree, M. (1989) Leadership is an art. New York: Doubleday.
Ekvall, G., & Arvonen, J. (1991). Change-centered leadership: An extension of the two-dimensional model. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 7(1), 17-26.
Evans, Joel R. (2017) A strategic approach to self-branding, Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 27:4, 270-311
Evans, J. R. (2014b). Self-branding for a successful career. Retrieved January 1, from https://t.co/ h8DPezWD5Q.
Evans, J. R. (2014c). Self-branding for personal and career success. Retrieved August 10, from https://t.co/0oIloEmnja
Evans, J. R. (2009). The self-branding process for career development. MBA Review, 4, 22–27.
Evans, J. R., & Berman, B. (2015). Marketing: Marketing in the 21st century (12th ed., p. 492). St. Paul, Minnesota: Textbook Media Press.
Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill. Farquhar, M., & Zhang, Y. (Eds.). (2010). Chinese film stars. Taylor & Francis Group.
Gamson, J. (1994). Claims to Fame: Celebrity in Contemporary America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gander, M. (2014). Managing your personal brand. Perspectives 18, 99–102.
Gandini, A. (2016). Digital work: self-branding and social capital in the freelance knowledge economy. Marketing Theory 16, 123
Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. 1st Edition. New York, NY: Anchor Books
Gorbatov, S., Khapova, S. N. and Lysova, E. I. (2018). Personal Branding: Interdisciplinary Systematic Review and Research Agenda. Frontier in Psychology, 9:2238
Gorbatov S, Khapova SN and Lysova EI (2019). Get Noticed to Get Ahead: The Impact of Personal Branding on Career Success. Frontier in Psychology. 10:2662.
Gorbatov, S., Khapova, S. N., Oostrom, J. K., & Lysova, E. I. (2021). Personal brand equity: Scale development and validation. Personnel Psychology, 74(3), 505–542.
Graeff, C. L. (1983). The situational leadership theory: A critical view. Academy of Management Review, 8(2), 285-291.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power & greatness. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.
Guinness World Records Application Procedures. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/contact/application-enquiry
Guinness World Records News Published 05 December 2012 https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/12/jackie-chan-awarded-with-two-new-guinness-world-records titles-46127.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1977). Management of organization behavior: Utilizing human resources. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1982). Management of organization behavior: Utilizing human resources. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
House, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 3, 321–328.
House, R. J., & Shamir, B. (1993). Toward the integration of transformational, charismatic, and visionary theories. M. M. Chemers, & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and direction, (pp. 81–107). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
House, R. J., & Aditya, R. N. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership quo vadis. Journal of Management, 23, 409-473.
Johari, M. (2008). The influence of leadership style on internal marketing retaining. Unpublished PhD Thesis submitted to University of Stirling.
Kahneman and Tversky. (1984). Choices, Values, and Frames. American Psychologist. 39. 341- 350
Karaduman, I. (2013). The effect of social media on personal branding efforts of top-level executives. Presented in the 9th International Strategic Management Conference. Social and Behavior Sciences. 99, 465-473.
Khan, Z. A., Nawaz, A., & Khan, I. (2016). Leadership theories and styles: A literature review.Journal of Resources Development and Management, 16 (1), 1-8.
Khamis, S., Ang, L. and Welling, R. (2017). Self-branding, ‘mirco-celebrity’ and the rise of social media. Celebrity Studies. Vol. 8 (2), 191-208.
Khedher, M. (2015). A Brand for Everyone: Guidelines for Personal Brand Managing. Journal of Global Business Issues. Spring/Summer 2015, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p19-27.
Labrecque, L. L., Markos, E., and Milne, G. R. (2011). Online personal branding: processes, challenges, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 25, 37-50. Lair, D. J., Sullivan, K., and Cheney, G. (2005). Marketing and the recasting of the professional self: the rhetoric and ethics of personal branding. Management Communication Quarterly, 18(3):307-343.
Lau, D. W. S. (2016). Actor or ambassador? The star persona of Jackie Chan in social media. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. Vol. 30 (2) 231-247.
Magaldi, D., & Berler, M. (2020). Semi-structured interviews. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1-6). Springer.
Maj, E. R. (2011). Leadership theories and style: A transitional approach. General Douglas MacArthur military leadership writing competition, 1-18. dcl_SecondPlaceEssay_1102.pdf
Mackerras, C. (1997). Peking Opera. Hong Kong, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Magaldi, D., & Berler, M. (2020). Semi-structured interviews. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K.Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1-6). Springer.
Marwick, A. E. (2016). You may know me from YouTube: (Micro-)Celebrity in Social Media.Chapter 18. A Companion to celebrity. Edited by Marshall and Redmond. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), 117-130.
Montoya, P. (2002). The Personal Branding Phenomenon: Realize Greater Influence, Explosive Income Growth and Rapid Career Advancement by Applying the Branding Techniques of Oprah, Martha and Michael, Personal Branding Press.
Nemai, B. (2012). The impact of participative leadership on employee's motivation, job satisfaction and innovation. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in project management, Faculty of Business, The British University in Dubai.
Northouse, Peter G. (2015) Leadership: Theory and Practice, Seventh Edition. SAGE Publications
Nwokocha, I. & Iheriohanma, E. B. J. (2015). Nexus between leadership styles, employee retention and performance in organizations in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 11(13), 186- 209.
Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca. (1970). The New Rhetoric. Notre Dame. Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.
Peters, T. (1997). The brand called you. Fast Company, 10, 83-90.
Pratto, F. and John, O.P. (1991). Automatic Vigilance: The Attention-Grabbing Power of Negative Social Information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 61. 380-391.
Rampershad H. (2008). Authentic Personal Branding. Effective Personal and Company Brand Management: A new Blueprint for Powerful and Authentic Personal and Company Branding. USA, Information Age Publishing Inc.
Samad, S. (2012). The influence of Innovation and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 57 (2012) 486- 493. Somech, A. (2005). Directive versus participative leadership: Two complementary approaches to managing school effectiveness. Education Administration Quarterly, 41(5), 777-800.
Schön, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York:Basic Books. Paperback ed. Aldershot, U.K.
Shelton, K. (2012). Model Leader: Jackie Chan – we can learn lessons in authentic leadership.Editor’s Note. Leadership Excellence, Dec 2012; 29, 12; ProQuest pg. 2.
Shepherd, I. D. H. (2005). From cattle and coke to Charlie: meeting the challenge of self-marketing and personal branding. Journal of Marketing Management. 21:589-606.
Somech, A. (2005). Directive versus participative leadership: Two complementary approaches to managing school effectiveness. Education Administration Quarterly, 41(5), 777-800.
Swarup, B. (2013). Leadership. Retrieved from
Tarnovskaya, V. (2017). Reinventing Personal Branding Building a Personal Brand throughContent on YouTube. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing. Vol.3, Issue 1.
Tolson, A. (1996). Mediations: Texts and Discourses. London: Arnold
Turner, G. (2007). The Economy of Celebrity. In Stardom and Celebrity: A Reader, edited by S. Redmond, and S. Holmes, 193-205. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Ushie, E. M., Agba, A. M., Ogaboh, A. M., Agba, M. S. & Chime, J. (2010). Leadership styleand employees’intrinsic job satisfaction in the Cross-River newspaper corporation, Calabar, Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 5(1), 61-73.
Vroom, V. H. and Yetton, P. W. (1973). Leadership and Decision-Making. University of Pittsburgh Pre, 1973
Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organizations. New York: Free Press.
Zervas, C. & David, L. (2013). Leadership style: Is there one best, or is flexibility worth developing? Retrieved from http://www.leadershipadvant
Published
2023-09-01
How to Cite
WILLIAM, Chau Chi Kee,; ABDUL WAHID, Nabsiah; CHENG LING, Tan.
Leadership Development through Personal Branding: A Case Study on Jackie Chan.
International Journal of Business and Technology Management, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 3, p. 193-205, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2682-7646.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbtm/article/view/23746>. Date accessed: 06 dec. 2023.
Section
Articles
