Unlocking the Potential of Education Quality: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine a range of relevant publications in order to assess education quality and generate future possible research questions. This article systematically evaluates a comprehensive assessment of the literature on education quality (EQ) studies published between 2000 and 2023. The study makes use of data from the Scopus database, as well as relevant keywords like education quality. From 635 publications, thirty highly cited papers were chosen for this comprehensive literature review. This study showed that investing in education and enhancing the quality of teaching are crucial for ensuring that students receive quality education. Teachers, teaching practices, and teacher education play a significant role in achieving this. Other important factors that contribute to the quality of education include access to resources and facilities, curriculum design, and the learning environment. To improve education programs, it is necessary to focus on key factors such as teacher training, curriculum design, advanced technology tools and accessibility. Providing teacher training and professional development, improving access to educational resources and facilities, creating a supportive learning environment, and enhancing teachers' qualifications can all help improve the quality of instruction. In addition, a transparent ranking system is essential for the nation. Based on a review and analysis of the EQ literature, this paper generated 11 research questions for future researchers, allowing the research to be conducted
References
Akareem, H. S., & Hossain, S. S. (2012). Perception of education quality in private universities of Bangladesh: A study from students’ perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 22(1), 11–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2012.705792
Akareem, H. S., & Hossain, S. S. (2016a). Determinants of education quality: What makes students’ perception different? Open Review of Educational Research, 3(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1155167
Akareem, H. S., & Hossain, S. S. (2016b). Determinants of education quality: What makes students’ perception different? Open Review of Educational Research, 3(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1155167
Antiel, R. M., Reed, D. A., Van Arendonk, K. J., Wightman, S. C., Hall, D. E., Porterfield, J. R., Horvath, K. D., Terhune, K. P., Tarpley, J. L., & Farley, D. R. (2013). Effects of duty hour restrictions on core competencies, education, quality of life, and burnout among general surgery interns. JAMA Surgery, 148(5), 448–455. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2013.1368
Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2019). Basic formal education quality, information technology and inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable Development, 27(3), 419–428.
Benavente, A. (2006). The education charter for the future: A strategic tool for education quality in Portugal. Prospects, 36(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0361233300005573
Benos, N., & Karagiannis, S. (2016). Do education quality and spillovers matter? Evidence on human capital and productivity in Greece. Economic Modelling, 54, 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.01.015
Blackmur, D. (2008). A critical analysis of the INQAAHE guidelines of good practice for higher education quality assurance agencies. Higher Education, 56(6), 723–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-008-9120-x
Boleslavsky, R., & Cotton, C. (2015). Grading standards and education quality. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 7(2), 248–279. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20130080
Bunting, I. (1993). Rationalisation, quality and efficiency. South African Journal of Higher Education, 7(2), 17–27.
Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring early care and education quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260
Campos, M. M., Esposito, Y. lúcia, Bhering, E., Gimenes, N., & Abuchaim, B. (2011). Early childhood education quality: A Brazilian study in six capitals. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 41(142), 20–54. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-15742011000100003
Chen, C. Y., Sok, P., & Sok, K. (2007). Benchmarking potential factors leading to education quality: A study of Cambodian higher education. Quality Assurance in Education, 15(2), 128–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880710748901
Coates, H. (2005). The value of student engagement for higher education quality assurance. Quality in Higher Education, 11(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538320500074915
Collis, B., & Moonen, J. (2008). Web 2.0 tools and processes in higher education: Quality perspectives. Educational Media International, 45(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980802107179
Connors, M. C., & Morris, P. A. (2014). Comparing state policy approaches to early care and education quality: A multidimensional assessment of quality rating and improvement systems and child care licensing regulations. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 30, 266–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.05.006
Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, productivity and competitive position. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the crisis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3–8.
Gorbanev, I., Agudelo-Londoño, S., González, R. A., Cortes, A., Pomares, A., Delgadillo, V., Yepes, F. J., & Muñoz, Ó. (2018). A systematic review of serious games in medical education: Quality of evidence and pedagogical strategy. Medical Education Online, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2018.1438718
Heyneman, S. P. (2004). International education quality. Economics of Education Review, 23(4), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2003.10.002
Hirsch, W. Z., & Weber, L. E. (2002). Governance in higher education.
Ikram, M., Ghavifekr, S., & Kenayathulla, H. B. (2021). Instructional leadership practices among school principals in Asian countries: a systematic review. International Online Journal of Educational Leadership, 5(1), 4–24.
Ikram, M., & Kenayathulla, H. B. (2022). A systematic literature review of student satisfaction: What is next ? International Journal of Advanced Research in Education and Society, 4(4), 50–75. https://doi.org/10.55057/ijares.2022.4.4.5
Jamison, E. A., Jamison, D. T., & Hanushek, E. A. (2007). The effects of education quality on income growth and mortality decline. Economics of Education Review, 26(6), 771–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.07.001
Jarvis, D. S. L. (2014). Regulating higher education: Quality assurance and neo-liberal managerialism in higher education-A critical introduction. Policy and Society, 33(3), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.09.005
Jiang, H., Xiong, W., & Cao, Y. (2017). Research on the mechanism of entrepreneurial education quality, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention in social sciences, engineering and science education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3709–3721. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00754a
Li, K., Pan, Y., Hu, B., Burchinal, M., De Marco, A., Fan, X., & Qin, J. (2016). Early childhood education quality and child outcomes in China: Evidence from Zhejiang Province. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.009
Lupo, T. (2013). A fuzzy ServQual based method for reliable measurements of education quality in Italian higher education area. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(17), 7096–7110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.06.045
Marlow, M. L. (2000). Spending, school structure, and public education quality. Evidence from California. Economics of Education Review, 19(1), 89–106.
Merican, F., Zailani, S., & Fernando, Y. (2009). Development of MBA program-service quality measurement scale. International Review of Business Research Papers, 5(4), 280–291. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1408
Michaelowa, K. (2001). Primary education quality in Francophone sub-Saharan Africa: Determinants of learning achievement and efficiency considerations. World Development, 29(10), 1699–1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00061-4
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group., T. P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Mulready-Shick, J. A., Flanagan, K. M., Banister, G. E., Mylott, L., & Curtin, L. J. (2013). Evaluating dedicated education units for clinical education quality. Journal of Nursing Education, 52(11), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20131014-07
Noaman, A. Y., Ragab, A. H. M., Madbouly, A. I., Khedra, A. M., & Fayoumi, A. G. (2015). Higher education quality assessment model: Towards achieving educational quality standard. Studies in Higher Education, 42(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1034262
Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00084-3
Peisner-Feinberg, E., Buysse, V., Fuligni, A., Burchinal, M., Espinosa, L., Halle, T., & Castro, D. (2014). Using early care and education quality measures with dual language learners: A review of the research. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(4), 786–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.04.013
Pinnell, J., Tranter, A., Cooper, S., & Whallett, A. (2021). Postgraduate medical education quality metrics panels can be enhanced by including learner outcomes. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 97(1153), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138669
Price, D. (2005). Continuing medical education, quality improvement, and organizational change: Implications of recent theories for twenty-first-century CME. Medical Teacher, 27(3), 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590500046270
Raharjo, H., Xie, M., Goh, T. N., & Brombacher, A. C. (2007). A methodology to improve higher education quality using the quality function deployment and analytic hierarchy process. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 18(10), 1097–1115. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360701595078
Redmond, R., Curtis, E., Noone, T., & Keenan, P. (2008). Quality in higher education: The contribution of Edward Deming’s principles. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(5), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540810883168
Sayed, Y., & Ahmed, R. (2011). Education quality in post‐apartheid South African policy: Balancing equity, diversity, rights and participation. Comparative Education, 47(1), 103–118.
Sayed, Y., & Ahmed, R. (2015). Education quality, and teaching and learning in the post-2015 education agenda. International Journal of Educational Development, 40, 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.11.005
Schoellman, T. (2012). Education quality and development accounting. Review of Economic Studies, 79(1), 388–417. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdr025
Seyfried, M., & Pohlenz, P. (2018). Assessing quality assurance in higher education: quality managers’ perceptions of effectiveness. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1474777
Sierra-Correa, P. C., & Cantera Kintz, J. R. (2015). Ecosystem-based adaptation for improving coastal planning for sea-level rise: A systematic review for mangrove coasts. Marine Policy, 51, 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.013
Snyder, K. M. (2007). The European education quality benchmark system: Helping teachers to work with information to sustain change. European Journal of Education, 42(3), 425–435.
Tang, C.-W., & Wu, C.-T. (2010). Obtaining a picture of undergraduate education quality: A voice from inside the university. Higher Education, 60(3), 269–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9299-5
Uka, A. (2014). Student satisfaction as an indicator of quality in higher education. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies, 4(3), 6–10. www.ijonte.org
Vroeijenstijn, A. I. (2003). Towards a quality model for higher education. Journal of Philippine Higher Education Quality Assurance, 1(1), 78–94.
Wen, H., Xiao, Y., Hui, E. C. M., & Zhang, L. (2018). Education quality, accessibility, and housing price: Does spatial heterogeneity exist in education capitalization? Habitat International, 78, 68–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.05.012
Wen, H., Xiao, Y., & Zhang, L. (2017). School district, education quality, and housing price: Evidence from a natural experiment in Hangzhou, China. Cities, 66, 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.03.008
Yin, D. (2021). Education quality assessment in China: What we learned from official reports released in 2018 and 2019. ECNU Review of Education, 4(2), 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531120944522
Zamore, S., Ohene Djan, K., Alon, I., & Hobdari, B. (2018). Credit risk research: review and agenda. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54(4), 811–835. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1433658
Akareem, H. S., & Hossain, S. S. (2016a). Determinants of education quality: What makes students’ perception different? Open Review of Educational Research, 3(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1155167
Akareem, H. S., & Hossain, S. S. (2016b). Determinants of education quality: What makes students’ perception different? Open Review of Educational Research, 3(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1155167
Antiel, R. M., Reed, D. A., Van Arendonk, K. J., Wightman, S. C., Hall, D. E., Porterfield, J. R., Horvath, K. D., Terhune, K. P., Tarpley, J. L., & Farley, D. R. (2013). Effects of duty hour restrictions on core competencies, education, quality of life, and burnout among general surgery interns. JAMA Surgery, 148(5), 448–455. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2013.1368
Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2019). Basic formal education quality, information technology and inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable Development, 27(3), 419–428.
Benavente, A. (2006). The education charter for the future: A strategic tool for education quality in Portugal. Prospects, 36(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0361233300005573
Benos, N., & Karagiannis, S. (2016). Do education quality and spillovers matter? Evidence on human capital and productivity in Greece. Economic Modelling, 54, 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.01.015
Blackmur, D. (2008). A critical analysis of the INQAAHE guidelines of good practice for higher education quality assurance agencies. Higher Education, 56(6), 723–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-008-9120-x
Boleslavsky, R., & Cotton, C. (2015). Grading standards and education quality. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 7(2), 248–279. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20130080
Bunting, I. (1993). Rationalisation, quality and efficiency. South African Journal of Higher Education, 7(2), 17–27.
Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring early care and education quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260
Campos, M. M., Esposito, Y. lúcia, Bhering, E., Gimenes, N., & Abuchaim, B. (2011). Early childhood education quality: A Brazilian study in six capitals. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 41(142), 20–54. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-15742011000100003
Chen, C. Y., Sok, P., & Sok, K. (2007). Benchmarking potential factors leading to education quality: A study of Cambodian higher education. Quality Assurance in Education, 15(2), 128–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880710748901
Coates, H. (2005). The value of student engagement for higher education quality assurance. Quality in Higher Education, 11(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538320500074915
Collis, B., & Moonen, J. (2008). Web 2.0 tools and processes in higher education: Quality perspectives. Educational Media International, 45(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523980802107179
Connors, M. C., & Morris, P. A. (2014). Comparing state policy approaches to early care and education quality: A multidimensional assessment of quality rating and improvement systems and child care licensing regulations. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 30, 266–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.05.006
Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, productivity and competitive position. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the crisis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3–8.
Gorbanev, I., Agudelo-Londoño, S., González, R. A., Cortes, A., Pomares, A., Delgadillo, V., Yepes, F. J., & Muñoz, Ó. (2018). A systematic review of serious games in medical education: Quality of evidence and pedagogical strategy. Medical Education Online, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2018.1438718
Heyneman, S. P. (2004). International education quality. Economics of Education Review, 23(4), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2003.10.002
Hirsch, W. Z., & Weber, L. E. (2002). Governance in higher education.
Ikram, M., Ghavifekr, S., & Kenayathulla, H. B. (2021). Instructional leadership practices among school principals in Asian countries: a systematic review. International Online Journal of Educational Leadership, 5(1), 4–24.
Ikram, M., & Kenayathulla, H. B. (2022). A systematic literature review of student satisfaction: What is next ? International Journal of Advanced Research in Education and Society, 4(4), 50–75. https://doi.org/10.55057/ijares.2022.4.4.5
Jamison, E. A., Jamison, D. T., & Hanushek, E. A. (2007). The effects of education quality on income growth and mortality decline. Economics of Education Review, 26(6), 771–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.07.001
Jarvis, D. S. L. (2014). Regulating higher education: Quality assurance and neo-liberal managerialism in higher education-A critical introduction. Policy and Society, 33(3), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.09.005
Jiang, H., Xiong, W., & Cao, Y. (2017). Research on the mechanism of entrepreneurial education quality, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention in social sciences, engineering and science education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3709–3721. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00754a
Li, K., Pan, Y., Hu, B., Burchinal, M., De Marco, A., Fan, X., & Qin, J. (2016). Early childhood education quality and child outcomes in China: Evidence from Zhejiang Province. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.009
Lupo, T. (2013). A fuzzy ServQual based method for reliable measurements of education quality in Italian higher education area. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(17), 7096–7110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.06.045
Marlow, M. L. (2000). Spending, school structure, and public education quality. Evidence from California. Economics of Education Review, 19(1), 89–106.
Merican, F., Zailani, S., & Fernando, Y. (2009). Development of MBA program-service quality measurement scale. International Review of Business Research Papers, 5(4), 280–291. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1408
Michaelowa, K. (2001). Primary education quality in Francophone sub-Saharan Africa: Determinants of learning achievement and efficiency considerations. World Development, 29(10), 1699–1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00061-4
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group., T. P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Mulready-Shick, J. A., Flanagan, K. M., Banister, G. E., Mylott, L., & Curtin, L. J. (2013). Evaluating dedicated education units for clinical education quality. Journal of Nursing Education, 52(11), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20131014-07
Noaman, A. Y., Ragab, A. H. M., Madbouly, A. I., Khedra, A. M., & Fayoumi, A. G. (2015). Higher education quality assessment model: Towards achieving educational quality standard. Studies in Higher Education, 42(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1034262
Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00084-3
Peisner-Feinberg, E., Buysse, V., Fuligni, A., Burchinal, M., Espinosa, L., Halle, T., & Castro, D. (2014). Using early care and education quality measures with dual language learners: A review of the research. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(4), 786–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.04.013
Pinnell, J., Tranter, A., Cooper, S., & Whallett, A. (2021). Postgraduate medical education quality metrics panels can be enhanced by including learner outcomes. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 97(1153), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138669
Price, D. (2005). Continuing medical education, quality improvement, and organizational change: Implications of recent theories for twenty-first-century CME. Medical Teacher, 27(3), 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590500046270
Raharjo, H., Xie, M., Goh, T. N., & Brombacher, A. C. (2007). A methodology to improve higher education quality using the quality function deployment and analytic hierarchy process. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 18(10), 1097–1115. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360701595078
Redmond, R., Curtis, E., Noone, T., & Keenan, P. (2008). Quality in higher education: The contribution of Edward Deming’s principles. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(5), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540810883168
Sayed, Y., & Ahmed, R. (2011). Education quality in post‐apartheid South African policy: Balancing equity, diversity, rights and participation. Comparative Education, 47(1), 103–118.
Sayed, Y., & Ahmed, R. (2015). Education quality, and teaching and learning in the post-2015 education agenda. International Journal of Educational Development, 40, 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.11.005
Schoellman, T. (2012). Education quality and development accounting. Review of Economic Studies, 79(1), 388–417. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdr025
Seyfried, M., & Pohlenz, P. (2018). Assessing quality assurance in higher education: quality managers’ perceptions of effectiveness. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1474777
Sierra-Correa, P. C., & Cantera Kintz, J. R. (2015). Ecosystem-based adaptation for improving coastal planning for sea-level rise: A systematic review for mangrove coasts. Marine Policy, 51, 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.013
Snyder, K. M. (2007). The European education quality benchmark system: Helping teachers to work with information to sustain change. European Journal of Education, 42(3), 425–435.
Tang, C.-W., & Wu, C.-T. (2010). Obtaining a picture of undergraduate education quality: A voice from inside the university. Higher Education, 60(3), 269–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9299-5
Uka, A. (2014). Student satisfaction as an indicator of quality in higher education. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies, 4(3), 6–10. www.ijonte.org
Vroeijenstijn, A. I. (2003). Towards a quality model for higher education. Journal of Philippine Higher Education Quality Assurance, 1(1), 78–94.
Wen, H., Xiao, Y., Hui, E. C. M., & Zhang, L. (2018). Education quality, accessibility, and housing price: Does spatial heterogeneity exist in education capitalization? Habitat International, 78, 68–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.05.012
Wen, H., Xiao, Y., & Zhang, L. (2017). School district, education quality, and housing price: Evidence from a natural experiment in Hangzhou, China. Cities, 66, 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.03.008
Yin, D. (2021). Education quality assessment in China: What we learned from official reports released in 2018 and 2019. ECNU Review of Education, 4(2), 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531120944522
Zamore, S., Ohene Djan, K., Alon, I., & Hobdari, B. (2018). Credit risk research: review and agenda. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54(4), 811–835. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1433658
Published
2023-03-01
How to Cite
IKRAM, Maryam; KENAYATHULLA, Husaina Banu.
Unlocking the Potential of Education Quality: A Systematic Literature Review.
International Journal of Business and Technology Management, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 146-174, mar. 2023.
ISSN 2682-7646.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijbtm/article/view/21647>. Date accessed: 15 jan. 2025.
Section
Articles
