Selective Mutism as Barrier in Sulh Conference Settlement
Abstract
The sulh conference provides opportunities for the parties to discuss openly with each other with the aid of the sulh officer as a facilitator to their discussions. However, current literature on sulh pays little attention to the issue of whether mutism especially selective mutism can lead to non-effective discussion among the parties and the sulh officer. Thus, the main objective of this preliminary study is to analyze the barriers faced by a party who suffers from selective mutism in a Sulh Conference. This study uses a qualitative method through content analysis of relevant library-based materials. The findings show that it is crucial for the sulh officer to identify the presence of the characteristics of selective mutism in a party prior to holding a sulh conference. The barriers faced by persons suffering from selective mutism must be addressed to ensure that the sulh settlement process is carried out justifiably, especially in line with the Sulh Work Manual, irrespective of whether the settlement of the dispute is successful or otherwise. It is suggested that the party suspected of suffering from selective mutism undergo diagnostic screening to determine whether he is suitable to participate in a sulh conference or otherwise.
References
Al-Quran. (All Quranic translations in this writing are based on Vickar Ahamed).1999. Interpretation of the Meaning of The Glorious Qur’an. Kuala Lumpur: TR Group of Companies.
Adnan, W.A.W., & Buang, A.H. (2021). Pelaksanaan Sulh Dalam Kes Tuntutan Harta Sepencarian Melibatkan Hartanah di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia: Satu Analisis. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 137-152.
Al-Majalla Al Ahkam Al Adaliyyah (The Ottoman Courts Manual (Hanafi)). http://legal.pipa.ps/files/server/ENG%20Ottoman%20Majalle%20(Civil%20Law).pdf
Adelman, L. (2007). Don't Call me Shy. LangMarc Publishing; 1st edition (September 15, 2007)
Aggarwal, A. Sharma, D.D., Kumar, R. and Sharma, R.C. 2010, Mutism as the Presenting Symptom: Three Case Reports and Selective Review of Literature. Indian J Psychol Med. 2010 Jan-Jun; 32(1): 61–64.
Alexandra, H. and Nili, M. 2016. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Volume 28, Number 1, February 2016, pp. 114-120(7), Wolters Kluwer,
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). https://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Selective-Mutism/, accessed on 10 September 2021.
American Psychiatric Association website. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd. (accessed on 31 July 2021).
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Azahari, R. Sulh dalam Perundangan Islam, Kertas Kerja Seminar Isu-isu Mahkamah Syariah VII, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, 29 January 2005.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Camposano, L. (2011). Silent Suffering: Children with Selective Mutism. The Professional Counselor.Volume 1, Issue 1. NBCC, Inc.
Gales,M. and Steve Young, S. (2008), "The Application of Hidden Markov Models in Speech Recognition", Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing: Vol. 1: No. 3, pp 195-304.
Hultquist, A.M. (1995). Selective Mutism: Causes and Interventions. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342669500300205
Hayden T.L. (1980). Classification of Elective Mutism Torey L. Hayden, © 1980 American Academy of Child Psychiatry.
https://www.torey-hayden.com/research/classification-of-elective-mutism.pdf
Johnson, M. Alison Wintgens, A. The Selective Mutism Resource Manual: 2nd Edition
Routledge, 28 Jul 2017
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Selangor, Pamphlet berkaitan Majlis Sulh; https://www.jakess.gov.my/hakam/sulh.pdf ) (akses 12 Julai 2021).
John, M. (1998). Helping Young Children Overcome Shyness. Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC).
http://www.poleris.edu/~malouffj/shyness.htm (accessed 14 September 2021).
Krysanski, V.L. (2003). A Brief Review of Selective Mutism Literature, The Journal of Psychology, 137:1, 29-40, DOI: 10.1080/00223980309600597
Leigh, I.W. and J. F. Andrews, J.F. (2016). Deaf People and Society: Psychological, Sociological and Educational Perspectives, Psychology Press, 2016. 2nd Edition, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315473819
Makhtar, M.A. (2020). Soft Skills of Mediator. Thesis – Master Science of Construction Contract Management, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
MedicineNet, Medical Definition of Mutism, Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Reviewed on 3/29/2021, https://www.medicinenet.com/mutism/definition.htm.
Muhammad, R.W. (2008). The Theory and Practice of Sulh (Mediation) in the Malaysian Shariah Courts. 16, IIUMLJ 33-35.
Muhammad, R.W. (2007) Sulh Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Kes di Mahkamah Syariah dlm Kaedah Perundangan Dan Bidang Kuasa Dan Tatacara Mahkamah Syariah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.
National Organization of Rare Disorders (NORD). Rare Disease Database. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/mutism-selective/
Omdal, H. and Galloway, D. (2007). Could Selective Mutism be Re-conceptualised as a Specific Phobia of Expressive Speech? An Exploratory Post-hoc Study. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00454.x
Rittner, P.. When Your Parents Have Mental Illness: Healing Childhood Trauma. (21 February 2018). National Alliance on Mental Health. https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/February-2018/When-Your-Parents-Have-Mental-Illness-Healing-Chi (accessed 31 July 2021).
Schrader, C. (2016). Breaking through the walls of shyness (overcoming shyness, self-consciousness and social anxiety through dramatherapy). Routledge International Handbook of Dramatherapy, 2016
Sulh Work Manual for Syariah Court, http://www.esyariah.gov.my/portal/page/portal/BI%20Sulh/Sulh%20Work%20Manual%20for%20Syariah%20Court
Syed Sabiq. 1990. Fiqh al-Sunnah. Kaherah: Dar al-Diyan li al-Turath. v.3, p.389.
Shipon-Blum (2020). What is Selective Mutism? Selective Mutism – A Comprehensive Overview (August 2020).
https://selectivemutismcenter.org/whatisselectivemutism/
Soltani, F., F. Eskandari, and S. Golestan, “Developing a gesture-based game for deaf/mute people Using microsoft kinect,” in Proceedings of the 2012 6th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, CISIS 2012, pp. 491–495
The Research Digest, The British Psychological Society, The experiences of adults with "selective mutism", in their own words
https://digest.bps.org.uk/2015/07/08/the-experiences-of-adults-with-selective-mutism-in-their-own-words/
Tin, W., Lin, Z. -. Swe, and Mya, N.K. (2018), “Deaf mute or Deaf,” Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1013234
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities. https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/frequently-asked-questions-regarding-the-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html#iq6
Vostanis, P., M. Hayes, M. Du Feu, and J. Warren, “Detection of behavioural and emotional problems in deaf children and adolescents: Comparison of two rating scales,” Child: Care, Health and Development, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 233–246, 1997.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1997.tb00966.x
World Health Organization (2021). Disabled People in the World in 2021: Facts and Figures. https://www.inclusivecitymaker.com/disabled-people-in-the-world-in-2021-facts-and-figures/
Enactment
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (State of Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003 [N.S. P.U. 5/2004].
Reported Cases
Wan Abdul Aziz v Siti Aishah [1975] 1 JH 47.
Wan Abdul Aziz v Siti Aishah [1977] 1 JH 50.
Sidek Bin Ludan V Public Prosecutor (1995) 3 MLJ 178
Statutes
Practice Direction No. 3 of year 2002 (JKSM/100-24/5(14) (Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia)
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (State of Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003
Syariah Court Sulh Procedure (Negeri Sembilan) Rules 2016
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Selangor) Rules 2001
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Federal Territories) Rules 2004
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Malacca) Rules 2004
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Johor) Rules 2004
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Penang) Rules 2006
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) Federal Territory Rules 2004,
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) Melaka Rules 2004
and Syariah Court Civil Procedure Enactment, Selangor 2003
The sulh session in a Sulh Conference, is conducted according to JKSM Practice Direction No.3 year 2002, Sulh Work Manual of JKSM 2002 and the Sulh Officer Ethical Code of JKSM 2002.
Child Act 2001
Adnan, W.A.W., & Buang, A.H. (2021). Pelaksanaan Sulh Dalam Kes Tuntutan Harta Sepencarian Melibatkan Hartanah di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia: Satu Analisis. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 137-152.
Al-Majalla Al Ahkam Al Adaliyyah (The Ottoman Courts Manual (Hanafi)). http://legal.pipa.ps/files/server/ENG%20Ottoman%20Majalle%20(Civil%20Law).pdf
Adelman, L. (2007). Don't Call me Shy. LangMarc Publishing; 1st edition (September 15, 2007)
Aggarwal, A. Sharma, D.D., Kumar, R. and Sharma, R.C. 2010, Mutism as the Presenting Symptom: Three Case Reports and Selective Review of Literature. Indian J Psychol Med. 2010 Jan-Jun; 32(1): 61–64.
Alexandra, H. and Nili, M. 2016. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Volume 28, Number 1, February 2016, pp. 114-120(7), Wolters Kluwer,
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). https://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Selective-Mutism/, accessed on 10 September 2021.
American Psychiatric Association website. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd. (accessed on 31 July 2021).
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Azahari, R. Sulh dalam Perundangan Islam, Kertas Kerja Seminar Isu-isu Mahkamah Syariah VII, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, 29 January 2005.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Camposano, L. (2011). Silent Suffering: Children with Selective Mutism. The Professional Counselor.Volume 1, Issue 1. NBCC, Inc.
Gales,M. and Steve Young, S. (2008), "The Application of Hidden Markov Models in Speech Recognition", Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing: Vol. 1: No. 3, pp 195-304.
Hultquist, A.M. (1995). Selective Mutism: Causes and Interventions. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342669500300205
Hayden T.L. (1980). Classification of Elective Mutism Torey L. Hayden, © 1980 American Academy of Child Psychiatry.
https://www.torey-hayden.com/research/classification-of-elective-mutism.pdf
Johnson, M. Alison Wintgens, A. The Selective Mutism Resource Manual: 2nd Edition
Routledge, 28 Jul 2017
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Selangor, Pamphlet berkaitan Majlis Sulh; https://www.jakess.gov.my/hakam/sulh.pdf ) (akses 12 Julai 2021).
John, M. (1998). Helping Young Children Overcome Shyness. Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC).
http://www.poleris.edu/~malouffj/shyness.htm (accessed 14 September 2021).
Krysanski, V.L. (2003). A Brief Review of Selective Mutism Literature, The Journal of Psychology, 137:1, 29-40, DOI: 10.1080/00223980309600597
Leigh, I.W. and J. F. Andrews, J.F. (2016). Deaf People and Society: Psychological, Sociological and Educational Perspectives, Psychology Press, 2016. 2nd Edition, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315473819
Makhtar, M.A. (2020). Soft Skills of Mediator. Thesis – Master Science of Construction Contract Management, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
MedicineNet, Medical Definition of Mutism, Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Reviewed on 3/29/2021, https://www.medicinenet.com/mutism/definition.htm.
Muhammad, R.W. (2008). The Theory and Practice of Sulh (Mediation) in the Malaysian Shariah Courts. 16, IIUMLJ 33-35.
Muhammad, R.W. (2007) Sulh Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Kes di Mahkamah Syariah dlm Kaedah Perundangan Dan Bidang Kuasa Dan Tatacara Mahkamah Syariah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.
National Organization of Rare Disorders (NORD). Rare Disease Database. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/mutism-selective/
Omdal, H. and Galloway, D. (2007). Could Selective Mutism be Re-conceptualised as a Specific Phobia of Expressive Speech? An Exploratory Post-hoc Study. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00454.x
Rittner, P.. When Your Parents Have Mental Illness: Healing Childhood Trauma. (21 February 2018). National Alliance on Mental Health. https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/February-2018/When-Your-Parents-Have-Mental-Illness-Healing-Chi (accessed 31 July 2021).
Schrader, C. (2016). Breaking through the walls of shyness (overcoming shyness, self-consciousness and social anxiety through dramatherapy). Routledge International Handbook of Dramatherapy, 2016
Sulh Work Manual for Syariah Court, http://www.esyariah.gov.my/portal/page/portal/BI%20Sulh/Sulh%20Work%20Manual%20for%20Syariah%20Court
Syed Sabiq. 1990. Fiqh al-Sunnah. Kaherah: Dar al-Diyan li al-Turath. v.3, p.389.
Shipon-Blum (2020). What is Selective Mutism? Selective Mutism – A Comprehensive Overview (August 2020).
https://selectivemutismcenter.org/whatisselectivemutism/
Soltani, F., F. Eskandari, and S. Golestan, “Developing a gesture-based game for deaf/mute people Using microsoft kinect,” in Proceedings of the 2012 6th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, CISIS 2012, pp. 491–495
The Research Digest, The British Psychological Society, The experiences of adults with "selective mutism", in their own words
https://digest.bps.org.uk/2015/07/08/the-experiences-of-adults-with-selective-mutism-in-their-own-words/
Tin, W., Lin, Z. -. Swe, and Mya, N.K. (2018), “Deaf mute or Deaf,” Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1013234
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities. https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/frequently-asked-questions-regarding-the-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html#iq6
Vostanis, P., M. Hayes, M. Du Feu, and J. Warren, “Detection of behavioural and emotional problems in deaf children and adolescents: Comparison of two rating scales,” Child: Care, Health and Development, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 233–246, 1997.View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1997.tb00966.x
World Health Organization (2021). Disabled People in the World in 2021: Facts and Figures. https://www.inclusivecitymaker.com/disabled-people-in-the-world-in-2021-facts-and-figures/
Enactment
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (State of Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003 [N.S. P.U. 5/2004].
Reported Cases
Wan Abdul Aziz v Siti Aishah [1975] 1 JH 47.
Wan Abdul Aziz v Siti Aishah [1977] 1 JH 50.
Sidek Bin Ludan V Public Prosecutor (1995) 3 MLJ 178
Statutes
Practice Direction No. 3 of year 2002 (JKSM/100-24/5(14) (Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia)
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (State of Negeri Sembilan) Enactment 2003
Syariah Court Sulh Procedure (Negeri Sembilan) Rules 2016
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Selangor) Rules 2001
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Federal Territories) Rules 2004
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Malacca) Rules 2004
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Johor) Rules 2004
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) (Penang) Rules 2006
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) Federal Territory Rules 2004,
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Sulh) Melaka Rules 2004
and Syariah Court Civil Procedure Enactment, Selangor 2003
The sulh session in a Sulh Conference, is conducted according to JKSM Practice Direction No.3 year 2002, Sulh Work Manual of JKSM 2002 and the Sulh Officer Ethical Code of JKSM 2002.
Child Act 2001
Published
2022-12-01
How to Cite
ZAKIYY, Norman et al.
Selective Mutism as Barrier in Sulh Conference Settlement.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Islamic and Humanities, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 4, p. 33-42, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2682-8332.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijarih/article/view/20587>. Date accessed: 04 oct. 2023.
Section
Articles
