Principals in School Development Planning: Discovering Principal Training and Their Competencies in Primary School
Abstract
School development planning is an important tool for school improvement. As a unique research perspective, this study will focus on identifying and analyzing how the principal training courses related to school development planning provided by relevant education departments in China for primary school principals in a Province in Southeast China are carried out. The context of this study focuses on public primary schools in in a Province in Southeast China. In relevant training, whether primary school principals still face prominent challenges in school development planning when they practice in real contexts will also be explored and studied. This study supplements the views on principal training related to school development planning and related challenges meeting in school development planning from the perspective of primary school principals. In addition, the samples of this study will involve 17 primary school principals from rural and urban areas in a Province in Southeast China. The data collection is mainly carried out through semi-structured interviews, and documentation. This study will conduct an in-depth analysis and understanding of the principal training courses related to school development provided by relevant departments to primary school principals in a Province in Southeast China and the challenges faced by principals in school development planning competencies. This analysis may help relevant departments understand the rationality and effectiveness of the relevant training design provided to primary school principals in a province in southeast China, and also provide perspectives and directions for relevant departments to improve the effectiveness of principal training in the future.
References
Allen, S. J., Rosch, D. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2021). Advancing Leadership Education and Development: Integrating Adult Learning Theory. Journal of Management Education, 46(2), 252–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/10525629211008645
Allen, W. C. (2006). Overview and Evolution of the ADDIE Training System. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8(4), 430–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422306292942
Anthony, S. R., & Said, H. bin. (2010). Educational Leadership Preparation Program For Aspiring Principals in Malaysia. Professional Development in Education, 40(1), 89–111. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11790057.pdf
Bi, S., & Ma, H. (2018). Research on principal training model based on problem diagnosis and school development planning. Primary and Secondary School Principals, 6, 3–6.
Bickmore, D. L., Roberts, M. M., & Gonzales, M. M. (2021). How aspiring principals applied course-based learning to develop school improvement plans. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(2), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-06-2020-0139
Branson, R. K., Rayner, G. T., Cox, J. L., Furman, J. P., King, F. J., & Hannum., W. H. (1975). Interservice procedures for instructional systems development: Executive summary and model. ERIC Clearinghouse. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819042849/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA019486.pdf
Burton, J. K., & Merrill, P. F. (1991). Needs assessment: Goals, needs, and priorities. In Instructional design: Principles and applications (p. 18). Educational Technology Publications.
Cai, J. (2018). On the Quality Control Strategy of"National Training Program" Project Based on Specialized Process. Educational Research, 6, 73–80.
Cao, Z., Wang, K., & Wang, H. (2022). School Development Planning in China：The Theoretical Review， Practical Problems and Development Strategies. Theory and Practice of Education, 42(22), 34–39.
Chaoyang District People’s Goverment of Beijing Municipality. (2021). The Training Class for New Full-Time Cadres in the Chaoyang District Education System Held a Graduation Statement Defense. Chaoyang District People’s Goverment of Beijing Municipality. http://www.bjchy.gov.cn/dynamic/news/8a24fe83797731ac0179780a75890109.html
Chapman, J. D., & Buchanan, M. T. (2012). The Learning Journey: Lifelong Professional Learning for Leaders in Faith-Based Schools. In R. Bagnall (Ed.), Second International Handbook of Lifelong Learning (p. 547). Springer.
Cheng, H. (2023). How to formulate a scientific and pragmatic school development plan? School Administration, 09, 44–47.
Cheng, M. (2017). Malcolm S． Knowles’Adult Learning Theory and Its Implications on Secondary and Primary School Teacher Training. Adult Education, 12, 75–78.
Crotty, M. (2000). He uses four elements to frame the scaffold: methods, methodology (what other scholars label design), theoretical perspective or philosophical stance, and epistemology. 12(1).
Cuckle, P., & Broadhead, P. (2003). Developments in development planning in English primary schools. School Leadership and Management Management, 23, 229–240.
Cui, Y. (2022). Research on Teaching Design of Trigonometric Function Unit Based On ADDIE Model. Harbin Normal University.
Deffenbaugh, W. S., Smith, A., Ryan, W. C., & Hand, W. (1921). Compulsory School Attendance. Journal of Education, 94(23), 635. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205742109402319
Gagne, R. M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. C., Keller, J. M., & Russell, J. D. (2005). Principles of Instructional Design (5th ed.). CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Gao, X. . (2015). A cooperated training – Among the mainland province and Hongkong district, for primary and secondary principals: Practice and experience. The Inservice Education and Training of School Teachers, 348(7), 25–28.
Geng, J. (2017). Research on the effectiveness of teacher training based on adult learning theory. China Adult Education, 05, 135–138.
Gichuru, M. J. (2017). The Interpretive Research Paradigm : A Critical Review Of Is Research Methodologies. International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS), 4(2), 1–5. www.ijiras.com
Giles, C. (1998). Control or Empowerment: The Role of Site-based Planning in School Improvement. Educational Management & Administration, 26(4), 407–415.
Guangdong Education Department. (2016). Notice of the Office of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education on Selecting Principals to Participate in the Fifth Senior Seminar for Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Principals in Beijing, Jiangsu and Guangdong. Guangdong Education Department. http://edu.gd.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/2/2094/post_2094458.html
Guizhou Daily. (2022). 107 primary and secondary school principals in Yunyan District carry out job qualification training. Guizhou Daily. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1725162646325733352&wfr=spider&for=pc
Hallinger, P. (1996). Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(January), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1573-2
Hallinger, P., & Snidvongs, K. (2008). Educating Leaders: Is there anything to learn from business management? Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 36(1), 9–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143207084058
Hammersley, M. (2013). What is Qualitative Research? Graham Crow (ed.); 1st ed. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/58723
Harmon, C. (2017). How effective is compulsory schooling as a policy instrument? IZA World of Labor, March, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.348
Henan Daily(Rural Edition). (2023). In 2023, Zhumadian Junior High School Principals’ “New Era Principal Leadership” Advanced Training Cass (Yangzhou Station) Was Successfully Held. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1766372202896224200&wfr=spider&for=pc
Hikmet, A. (2021). Research on teaching Chinese Culture Courses to Chinese Majors in Turkish Universities. Shanghai International Studies University.
Huang, F. (2002). Adult Learning. Wu-Nan Book Inc.
Huang, W. (2018). Research on the Training Mode of School Management Team Based on School Development Planning(SDP)——Taking Shandong Province’s “Teaching Management Team Training Project of Primary and Middle Schools” as an Example. Journal of Qilu Normal University, 33(6), 49–53.
Ibrahim, N. (2011). PREPARATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS PRINCIPALS IN KENYA. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(9), 291–301.
Kearsley, G. (2010). Andragogy (M. Knowles). The theory into practice database.
Knowles, M. (1984). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species (3rd Ed). TX: Gulf Publishing.
Kochan, F. K., Bredeson, P., & Riehl, C. (2002). Rethinking the Professional Development of School Leaders. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 104(9), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810210400913
Li, J. (2019). Research on the Teaching Design Model of English Micro-Course in Colleges and Universities based on the ADDIE Model. Journal of Social Science of Jiamusi University, 37(6), 190–193.
Lu, N., Chen, S., & Zheng, Y. (2010). The Description and Analysis of Changes and Continuities in the Policy Documents issued from 1989to 2009. Tsinghua Journal of Education, 31(5), 1–8.
Martyn Hammersley. (n.d.). what is qualitative Reserch? (Graham Crow (ed.); 1st ed.).
Mayfield, M. (2011). Creating training and development programs: Using the ADDIE method. Development and Learning in Organisations, 25(3), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777281111125363
Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and Self‐Directed Learning: Pillars of Adult Learning Theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2001(89), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.3
Meyers, C. V., & VanGronigen, B. A. (2019). A lack of authentic school improvement plan development: Evidence of principal satisficing behavior. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(3), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-09-2018-0154
Mintrop, H., & MacLellan, A. M. (2002). School improvement plans in elementary and middle schools on probation. Elementary School Journal, 102(4), 275–300.
Muruganantham, G. (2015). Developing of E-content package by using ADDIE Model. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(3), 52–54. www.allresearchjournal.com
Nichols, S. L., Glass, G. V, & Berliner, D. C. (2012). High-stakes Testing and Student Achievement: Updated Analyses with NAEP Data. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 20(20).
OECD. (2014). TALIS 2013 Results: An International Perspective on Teaching and Learning. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/talis-2013-results_9789264196261-en
Pather, S., & Remenyi, D. (2005). Some of the philosophical issues underpinning research in information systems: from positivism to critical realism. South African Computer Journal, 35(January), 76–83.
People’s Goverment of Jiangxi Province. (2020). The 47th Senior Secondary School Principal Qualification Training Course and the 28th Senior Secondary School Principal Improvement Training Course in Jiangxi Province started. People’s Goverment of Jiangxi Province.
Peterson, C. (2003). Bringing ADDIE to life: instructional design at its best. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(3), 227–241.
Pham, L. (2018). A Review of key paradigms: positivism, interpretivism and critical inquiry. ResearchGate, 4, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13995.54569
Riyami, T. Al. (2015). Main Approaches to Educational Research. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 2(5), 412–416. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thariya_Al_Riyami/publication/283071843_Main_Approaches_to_Educational_Research/links/5628a82d08ae518e347c5ee3.pdf
Shan, L. (2019). Innovation and practice of training mode for primary and secondary school principals in the era of Internet +. Primary and Middle School Educational Technology, 07, 7–9.
Stevenson, M., Hedberg, J. G., O’Sullivan, K. A., & Howe, C. (2016). Leading learning: the role of school leaders in supporting continuous professional development. Professional Development in Education, 42(5), 818–835. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2015.1114507
The Education Department of Shandong Province. (2020). Dongying City “Training and selection” combined with the in-depth implementation of the construction project of famous teachers and famous principals. The Education Department of Shandong Province. http://edu.shandong.gov.cn/art/2020/12/8/art_11972_10111291.html
Tingle, E., Corrales, A., & Peters, M. L. (2017). Leadership development programs: investing in school principals. Educational Studies, 45(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2017.1382332
UK Department of Education. (2023). Guidance on School Development Planning for 2023/24 (p. 4). https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/publications/guidance-school-development-planning-202324
VanGronigen, B. A., & Meyers, C. (2020). Short-cycle school improvement planning as a lever to launch school turnaround: A descriptive analysis of plans. Teachers College Record, 122(5), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200501
VanGronigen, B. A., Meyers, C. V, & Hitt, D. H. (2017). A Rubric for Assessing Schools’ Plans for Rapid Improvement. In The center on School Turnaround (p. 35). The Center on School Turnaround at WestEd. https://www.darden.virginia.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/CST_Rubrics-for-school-improvement.pdf
Wang, J. (2020). Strategies for principals’ national training plan for primary and secondary principals in new century. China Educational Academic Journal, 9, 9–14.
Wei, Z., & Gao, Y. (2010). Research on the Professional Standards of Primary and Secondary School Principals.
Wiyono, B. B., & Rasyad, A. (2020). Training Components that Influence The Principals’ Self-Development And The School Improvement. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(1). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Training-Components-that-Influence-The-Principals’-Wiyono-Maisyaroh/a1df96b2365e3112dc5a5e3483dcb11f8008f3fe
Xi, M. (2015). Issues that Should be Paid Attention to When Formulating School Development Plans and Implementation Plans. Beijing Education, 04, 19–20.
Xu, Z., & He, J. (2018). What kind of training “meal” do principals of rural primary and secondary schools need? —A survey based on the training needs of 429 rural primary and secondary school principals in Lingnan area. School Administration, 08, 41–43.
Xue, S., Bush, T., & Ng, A. Y. M. (2020). Leadership preparation in China: Providers’ perspectives. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 5(4), 990–1036. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2020.4.2
Yan, W., & Chen, J. (2018). School Development Planning from the Perspective of Principals’ Professional Standards — —Based on the Questionnaire Analysis of 196 Junior High School Principals in Shanghai. Modern Education Management, 3, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.16697/j.cnki.xdjygl.2018.03.006
Zepeda, S. J., Parylo, O., & Bengtson, E. (2014). Analyzing principal professional development practices through the lens of adult learning theory. Professional Development in Education, 40(2), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2013.821667
Zhang, B. (2017). The Enlightenment of Knowles’ Adult Learning Theory on Teacher Education and Training in China. China Adult Education, 17, 135–137.
Zheng, Y. (2022). Problems and Improvement Strategies in the Training Model of Primary and Secondary School Principals. Tibet Education, 58–61.
Allen, W. C. (2006). Overview and Evolution of the ADDIE Training System. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8(4), 430–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422306292942
Anthony, S. R., & Said, H. bin. (2010). Educational Leadership Preparation Program For Aspiring Principals in Malaysia. Professional Development in Education, 40(1), 89–111. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11790057.pdf
Bi, S., & Ma, H. (2018). Research on principal training model based on problem diagnosis and school development planning. Primary and Secondary School Principals, 6, 3–6.
Bickmore, D. L., Roberts, M. M., & Gonzales, M. M. (2021). How aspiring principals applied course-based learning to develop school improvement plans. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(2), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-06-2020-0139
Branson, R. K., Rayner, G. T., Cox, J. L., Furman, J. P., King, F. J., & Hannum., W. H. (1975). Interservice procedures for instructional systems development: Executive summary and model. ERIC Clearinghouse. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819042849/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA019486.pdf
Burton, J. K., & Merrill, P. F. (1991). Needs assessment: Goals, needs, and priorities. In Instructional design: Principles and applications (p. 18). Educational Technology Publications.
Cai, J. (2018). On the Quality Control Strategy of"National Training Program" Project Based on Specialized Process. Educational Research, 6, 73–80.
Cao, Z., Wang, K., & Wang, H. (2022). School Development Planning in China：The Theoretical Review， Practical Problems and Development Strategies. Theory and Practice of Education, 42(22), 34–39.
Chaoyang District People’s Goverment of Beijing Municipality. (2021). The Training Class for New Full-Time Cadres in the Chaoyang District Education System Held a Graduation Statement Defense. Chaoyang District People’s Goverment of Beijing Municipality. http://www.bjchy.gov.cn/dynamic/news/8a24fe83797731ac0179780a75890109.html
Chapman, J. D., & Buchanan, M. T. (2012). The Learning Journey: Lifelong Professional Learning for Leaders in Faith-Based Schools. In R. Bagnall (Ed.), Second International Handbook of Lifelong Learning (p. 547). Springer.
Cheng, H. (2023). How to formulate a scientific and pragmatic school development plan? School Administration, 09, 44–47.
Cheng, M. (2017). Malcolm S． Knowles’Adult Learning Theory and Its Implications on Secondary and Primary School Teacher Training. Adult Education, 12, 75–78.
Crotty, M. (2000). He uses four elements to frame the scaffold: methods, methodology (what other scholars label design), theoretical perspective or philosophical stance, and epistemology. 12(1).
Cuckle, P., & Broadhead, P. (2003). Developments in development planning in English primary schools. School Leadership and Management Management, 23, 229–240.
Cui, Y. (2022). Research on Teaching Design of Trigonometric Function Unit Based On ADDIE Model. Harbin Normal University.
Deffenbaugh, W. S., Smith, A., Ryan, W. C., & Hand, W. (1921). Compulsory School Attendance. Journal of Education, 94(23), 635. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205742109402319
Gagne, R. M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. C., Keller, J. M., & Russell, J. D. (2005). Principles of Instructional Design (5th ed.). CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Gao, X. . (2015). A cooperated training – Among the mainland province and Hongkong district, for primary and secondary principals: Practice and experience. The Inservice Education and Training of School Teachers, 348(7), 25–28.
Geng, J. (2017). Research on the effectiveness of teacher training based on adult learning theory. China Adult Education, 05, 135–138.
Gichuru, M. J. (2017). The Interpretive Research Paradigm : A Critical Review Of Is Research Methodologies. International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS), 4(2), 1–5. www.ijiras.com
Giles, C. (1998). Control or Empowerment: The Role of Site-based Planning in School Improvement. Educational Management & Administration, 26(4), 407–415.
Guangdong Education Department. (2016). Notice of the Office of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education on Selecting Principals to Participate in the Fifth Senior Seminar for Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Principals in Beijing, Jiangsu and Guangdong. Guangdong Education Department. http://edu.gd.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/2/2094/post_2094458.html
Guizhou Daily. (2022). 107 primary and secondary school principals in Yunyan District carry out job qualification training. Guizhou Daily. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1725162646325733352&wfr=spider&for=pc
Hallinger, P. (1996). Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(January), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1573-2
Hallinger, P., & Snidvongs, K. (2008). Educating Leaders: Is there anything to learn from business management? Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 36(1), 9–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143207084058
Hammersley, M. (2013). What is Qualitative Research? Graham Crow (ed.); 1st ed. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/58723
Harmon, C. (2017). How effective is compulsory schooling as a policy instrument? IZA World of Labor, March, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.348
Henan Daily(Rural Edition). (2023). In 2023, Zhumadian Junior High School Principals’ “New Era Principal Leadership” Advanced Training Cass (Yangzhou Station) Was Successfully Held. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1766372202896224200&wfr=spider&for=pc
Hikmet, A. (2021). Research on teaching Chinese Culture Courses to Chinese Majors in Turkish Universities. Shanghai International Studies University.
Huang, F. (2002). Adult Learning. Wu-Nan Book Inc.
Huang, W. (2018). Research on the Training Mode of School Management Team Based on School Development Planning(SDP)——Taking Shandong Province’s “Teaching Management Team Training Project of Primary and Middle Schools” as an Example. Journal of Qilu Normal University, 33(6), 49–53.
Ibrahim, N. (2011). PREPARATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS PRINCIPALS IN KENYA. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(9), 291–301.
Kearsley, G. (2010). Andragogy (M. Knowles). The theory into practice database.
Knowles, M. (1984). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species (3rd Ed). TX: Gulf Publishing.
Kochan, F. K., Bredeson, P., & Riehl, C. (2002). Rethinking the Professional Development of School Leaders. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 104(9), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810210400913
Li, J. (2019). Research on the Teaching Design Model of English Micro-Course in Colleges and Universities based on the ADDIE Model. Journal of Social Science of Jiamusi University, 37(6), 190–193.
Lu, N., Chen, S., & Zheng, Y. (2010). The Description and Analysis of Changes and Continuities in the Policy Documents issued from 1989to 2009. Tsinghua Journal of Education, 31(5), 1–8.
Martyn Hammersley. (n.d.). what is qualitative Reserch? (Graham Crow (ed.); 1st ed.).
Mayfield, M. (2011). Creating training and development programs: Using the ADDIE method. Development and Learning in Organisations, 25(3), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777281111125363
Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and Self‐Directed Learning: Pillars of Adult Learning Theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2001(89), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.3
Meyers, C. V., & VanGronigen, B. A. (2019). A lack of authentic school improvement plan development: Evidence of principal satisficing behavior. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(3), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-09-2018-0154
Mintrop, H., & MacLellan, A. M. (2002). School improvement plans in elementary and middle schools on probation. Elementary School Journal, 102(4), 275–300.
Muruganantham, G. (2015). Developing of E-content package by using ADDIE Model. International Journal of Applied Research, 1(3), 52–54. www.allresearchjournal.com
Nichols, S. L., Glass, G. V, & Berliner, D. C. (2012). High-stakes Testing and Student Achievement: Updated Analyses with NAEP Data. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 20(20).
OECD. (2014). TALIS 2013 Results: An International Perspective on Teaching and Learning. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/talis-2013-results_9789264196261-en
Pather, S., & Remenyi, D. (2005). Some of the philosophical issues underpinning research in information systems: from positivism to critical realism. South African Computer Journal, 35(January), 76–83.
People’s Goverment of Jiangxi Province. (2020). The 47th Senior Secondary School Principal Qualification Training Course and the 28th Senior Secondary School Principal Improvement Training Course in Jiangxi Province started. People’s Goverment of Jiangxi Province.
Peterson, C. (2003). Bringing ADDIE to life: instructional design at its best. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(3), 227–241.
Pham, L. (2018). A Review of key paradigms: positivism, interpretivism and critical inquiry. ResearchGate, 4, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13995.54569
Riyami, T. Al. (2015). Main Approaches to Educational Research. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 2(5), 412–416. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thariya_Al_Riyami/publication/283071843_Main_Approaches_to_Educational_Research/links/5628a82d08ae518e347c5ee3.pdf
Shan, L. (2019). Innovation and practice of training mode for primary and secondary school principals in the era of Internet +. Primary and Middle School Educational Technology, 07, 7–9.
Stevenson, M., Hedberg, J. G., O’Sullivan, K. A., & Howe, C. (2016). Leading learning: the role of school leaders in supporting continuous professional development. Professional Development in Education, 42(5), 818–835. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2015.1114507
The Education Department of Shandong Province. (2020). Dongying City “Training and selection” combined with the in-depth implementation of the construction project of famous teachers and famous principals. The Education Department of Shandong Province. http://edu.shandong.gov.cn/art/2020/12/8/art_11972_10111291.html
Tingle, E., Corrales, A., & Peters, M. L. (2017). Leadership development programs: investing in school principals. Educational Studies, 45(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2017.1382332
UK Department of Education. (2023). Guidance on School Development Planning for 2023/24 (p. 4). https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/publications/guidance-school-development-planning-202324
VanGronigen, B. A., & Meyers, C. (2020). Short-cycle school improvement planning as a lever to launch school turnaround: A descriptive analysis of plans. Teachers College Record, 122(5), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200501
VanGronigen, B. A., Meyers, C. V, & Hitt, D. H. (2017). A Rubric for Assessing Schools’ Plans for Rapid Improvement. In The center on School Turnaround (p. 35). The Center on School Turnaround at WestEd. https://www.darden.virginia.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/CST_Rubrics-for-school-improvement.pdf
Wang, J. (2020). Strategies for principals’ national training plan for primary and secondary principals in new century. China Educational Academic Journal, 9, 9–14.
Wei, Z., & Gao, Y. (2010). Research on the Professional Standards of Primary and Secondary School Principals.
Wiyono, B. B., & Rasyad, A. (2020). Training Components that Influence The Principals’ Self-Development And The School Improvement. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(1). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Training-Components-that-Influence-The-Principals’-Wiyono-Maisyaroh/a1df96b2365e3112dc5a5e3483dcb11f8008f3fe
Xi, M. (2015). Issues that Should be Paid Attention to When Formulating School Development Plans and Implementation Plans. Beijing Education, 04, 19–20.
Xu, Z., & He, J. (2018). What kind of training “meal” do principals of rural primary and secondary schools need? —A survey based on the training needs of 429 rural primary and secondary school principals in Lingnan area. School Administration, 08, 41–43.
Xue, S., Bush, T., & Ng, A. Y. M. (2020). Leadership preparation in China: Providers’ perspectives. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 5(4), 990–1036. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2020.4.2
Yan, W., & Chen, J. (2018). School Development Planning from the Perspective of Principals’ Professional Standards — —Based on the Questionnaire Analysis of 196 Junior High School Principals in Shanghai. Modern Education Management, 3, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.16697/j.cnki.xdjygl.2018.03.006
Zepeda, S. J., Parylo, O., & Bengtson, E. (2014). Analyzing principal professional development practices through the lens of adult learning theory. Professional Development in Education, 40(2), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2013.821667
Zhang, B. (2017). The Enlightenment of Knowles’ Adult Learning Theory on Teacher Education and Training in China. China Adult Education, 17, 135–137.
Zheng, Y. (2022). Problems and Improvement Strategies in the Training Model of Primary and Secondary School Principals. Tibet Education, 58–61.
Published
2024-09-01
How to Cite
SHANSHAN, Liu; ABDULLA, Zuraidah; S.L CHEAH, Kenny.
Principals in School Development Planning: Discovering Principal Training and Their Competencies in Primary School.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Education and Society, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 3, p. 185-197, sep. 2024.
ISSN 2682-8138.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijares/article/view/27540>. Date accessed: 05 dec. 2024.
Section
English Section
