BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM ASPERGILLUS NIGER 2081 BY SUBMERGED BATCH FERMENTATION USING HONEYDEW MELON (CUCUMIS MELO) RINDS AS A SUBSTRATE
Abstract
Ethanol produced by fermentation of plant biomass is considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. In this research we used honeydew melon (Cucumis melo) as the substrate for the fermentation. The study was conducted to convert extracts from rinds syrup of Cucumis melo to ethanol in a batch fermentation process using Aspergillus niger 2081 and to determine the amount of bioethanol produced in various pH. The initial and final sugar concentration at different pH after batch fermentation by Aspergillus niger 2081 was investigated. The sugar concentration was decreased in all pH at the end of fermentation process. Utilizing Cucumis melo juice as diluent and supplemental feedstock for fermentation of processed sugar allowed complete fermentation with highest ethanol yield of 48.79% (384.91g/L obtained at pH 6). The initial sugar concentration of Cucumis melo rinds was 18.54 mg/mL and reduced to 0.94g ethanol per g sugar as a final sugar concentration. These results indicate that Cucumis melo juice; either as whole juice fermented on-site or as a waste stream from neutraceutical production represents an important first step towards production of biofuel and can be used as energy transducers that found to be economically favourable, compared to other fruit rinds.
References
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Akin-Osanaiye, B.C., Nzelibe, H.C. and Agbaji, A.S (2008). “Ethanol production from Carica papaya (Pawpaw) fruit waste.” Asian Journal of Biochemistry. 3(3):188-193.
Akpan UG, Kovo AS, Abdullahi M, Ijah JJ, (2005). The production of ethanol from maize cobs and groundnut shells. AU J Technol ;9:106–10
Anuj KC, Ravinder R, Lakshmi MN, Rao V, Ravindran (2007). “Economic and environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production Technology”. Biotechnol. Mole. Biol. Rev.2(1): 14-32.
Bhandari Suhas V., Arun Panchapakesan, Naveen Shanker, and HG Ashok Kumar, (September 2013)."Production of Bioethanol from Fruit Rinds by Saccharification and Fermentation."International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) 2, No. 6 362-65.
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Chatanta, D. K., Attri C, Gopal K, Devi M, Gupta G., & Bhalla T.C. (2008) Bioethanol Production from Apple Pomace left after Juice Extraction. The Internet Journal of Microbiology, 5(2).
Exporting Fresh melons to Europe. (n.d.). Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/fresh-melons/europe/
Ergun, M. & Ferda, M. (2000). Application of a statistical technique to the production of ethanol from sugar beet molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technology, 73(3), 251-255.
Favela-Torres, E., Allais, J.J. and Baratti, J, (1986). “Kinetics of batch fermentation for ethanol Production with Zymomonas mobilis growing on Jerusalem artichoke juice.” Journal of Biotechnology and Boiengineering . 28: 850.
Frisvad, J. C., Schuster, E., Dunn-Coleman, N., (2002). On the safety of Aspergillus niger – a review. Apply Microbial Biotechnology, 59: 426–435.
Gupta, V. C., Neha, S. (2012). Batch Biodegradation of Phenol of Paper and Pulp Effluent by Aspergillus niger. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 3 (3).
Hamad, H. O., Alma, M. H., Ismael, H. M., & Göçeri, A. (2015). The Effect of Some Sugars on the Growth of Aspergillus niger. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(4), 7. doi:10.18016/ksujns.28479.
H.I. Ismail, K.W. Chan, A.A. Mariod, M. Ismail, (2010). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) methanolic extracts Food Chem., 119 (2), pp. 643-647.
Honeydew Varieties. (n.d.). Retrieved August 22, 2017, from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/honeydew-varieties-26548.html.
Kim, S., & Dale, B. E. (2004). Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass and Bioenergy, 26(4), 361-375. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.002.
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Nitesh, K., Singh, J. P., Ravi, R., Subathradevi, C., & Srinivasan, V. M. (2013). Bioethanol production from weed plant (Cyperus rotundus) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(4), 299-302.
Mcclenny, N, (2005). "Laboratory detection and identification of Aspergillus species by microscopic observation and culture: the traditional approach." Medical Mycology 43, no. S1 125-28. Doi:10.1080/13693780500052222.
Mian-Hao, H., & Yansong, A. (2007). Characteristics of some nutritional composition of melon (Cucumis melo hybrid ‘ChunLi’) seeds. International Journal of Food Science & Technology,42(12), 1397-1401. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01352.x
Miller GL, (1959) “Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar”. Anal Chem 31(3):426-428.
Mohamed, M. A, and Reddy, C.A. (1986). Direct fermentation of potato starch to ethanol by cocultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied and environmental microbiology.1055-1059.
Mark, R.W., Grohmann, K., Wilbur, W. W. (2007). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of citrus peel waste by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol", Process Biochemistry, Vol. 42: 1.
Morrison R.T and Boyd R.T (1992). “Organic Chemistry” .Prentice Hall of India Private limited, 6th Edition, 213-235, 1143-1195.
Oliveira, M. E., Vaughan, B. E., & Rykiel, E. J. (2005). Ethanol as Fuel: Energy, Carbon Dioxide Balances, and Ecological Footprint. BioScience, 55(7), 593. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0593:eafecd]2.0.co;2.
Omojasola, P Folakemi, Jilani, Omowumi Priscilla, Ibiyemi SA (2008). Cellulase production by some fungi cultured on pineapple waste. Nature and Science. 6(2):1545-0740.
Oyeleke, S. B., & Jibrin, N. M. (2009). Production of bioethanol from guinea cornhusk and millet husk. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(4), 147-152.
Pandey, A., Soccol, C.R., Nigam, P., Brand, D., Mohan, R. and Roussoss, S, (2000).“Biotechnology Potential of agro-industrial residues, part II. Cassava bagasse.” Bioresource Technology78:81-87.
Sarkar, N., Ghosh, S.K., Bannerjee, S., & Aikat, K, (2012). Bioethanol production from agricultural wastes: An overview. Renewable Energy,37 (1),19-27.
Salassi, M. E. (2007). “The economic feasibility of ethanol production from sugar crops,” Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Winter Issue.
Schuster, E., Dunn-Coleman, N., Frisvad, J. C., & Van Dijck, P. (2002). On the safety of Aspergillus niger–a review. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 59(4-5), 426-435.
Shanmugam Periyasamy, Sivakumar Venkatachalam, Sridhar Ramasamy, and Venkatesan Srinivasan, (2009)."Production of Bio-ethanol from Sugar Molasses Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Modern Applied Science 3, no. 8 . doi:10.5539/mas.v3n8p32.
Sivakumaran, Subathira, Lee Huffman, and Sivalingam Sivakumaran, (2014). The concise New Zealand food composition tables. Palmerston North, New Zealand: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited.
Stephens2, James M. "Melon, Honeydew? Cucumis melo L. (Inodorus group)." EDIS New Publications RSS. Accessed January 10, 2017. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mv093.
Tao, F., Miao, J., Shi, G., & Zhang, K. (2005). Ethanol fermentation by an acidtolerant Zymomonas mobilis under non-sterilized condition. Process Biochemistry, 40(1), 183-187.
Togarepi, E., Mapiye, C., Muchanyereyi, N. and Dzomba, P. (2012) Optimization of Fermentation Parameters for Ethanol Production from Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Pulp Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NA33). International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 2(2): 60-69.
Yan, L. and S. Tanaka (2006): Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: current state and prospects. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 69: 627– 642.
Yanty, N., Lai, O., Osman, A., Long, K., & Ghazali, H. (2008). Physicochemical Properties Of Cucumis Melo Var. Inodorus (Honeydew Melon) Seed And Seed Oil. Journal of Food Lipids,15(1), 42-55. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.2007.00101.x
Yusuf, M., Bashar, H. A., Ahmad, M. B., & Dogarai, B. B. (2016). Bioethanol Production from Neem Tree Leaves (Azadirachtaindica) Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Fermenting Agent. Journal of Applied Chemistry. 9(3), 2-37.
Akande, F. H. and Mudi, K. Y., Kinetic Model for Ethanol Production from Cassava Starch by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Strain. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of NSChE, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Akin-Osanaiye, B.C., Nzelibe, H.C. and Agbaji, A.S (2008). “Ethanol production from Carica papaya (Pawpaw) fruit waste.” Asian Journal of Biochemistry. 3(3):188-193.
Akpan UG, Kovo AS, Abdullahi M, Ijah JJ, (2005). The production of ethanol from maize cobs and groundnut shells. AU J Technol ;9:106–10
Anuj KC, Ravinder R, Lakshmi MN, Rao V, Ravindran (2007). “Economic and environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production Technology”. Biotechnol. Mole. Biol. Rev.2(1): 14-32.
Bhandari Suhas V., Arun Panchapakesan, Naveen Shanker, and HG Ashok Kumar, (September 2013)."Production of Bioethanol from Fruit Rinds by Saccharification and Fermentation."International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) 2, No. 6 362-65.
"Biofuels Make a Comeback Despite Tough Economy." Biofuels Make a Comeback Despite Tough Economy Worldwatch Institute. Accessed December 20, 2017. http://www.worldwatch.org/biofuels-make-comeback-despite-tough-economy.
Chatanta, D. K., Attri C, Gopal K, Devi M, Gupta G., & Bhalla T.C. (2008) Bioethanol Production from Apple Pomace left after Juice Extraction. The Internet Journal of Microbiology, 5(2).
Exporting Fresh melons to Europe. (n.d.). Retrieved September 14, 2017, from https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/fresh-melons/europe/
Ergun, M. & Ferda, M. (2000). Application of a statistical technique to the production of ethanol from sugar beet molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technology, 73(3), 251-255.
Favela-Torres, E., Allais, J.J. and Baratti, J, (1986). “Kinetics of batch fermentation for ethanol Production with Zymomonas mobilis growing on Jerusalem artichoke juice.” Journal of Biotechnology and Boiengineering . 28: 850.
Frisvad, J. C., Schuster, E., Dunn-Coleman, N., (2002). On the safety of Aspergillus niger – a review. Apply Microbial Biotechnology, 59: 426–435.
Gupta, V. C., Neha, S. (2012). Batch Biodegradation of Phenol of Paper and Pulp Effluent by Aspergillus niger. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 3 (3).
Hamad, H. O., Alma, M. H., Ismael, H. M., & Göçeri, A. (2015). The Effect of Some Sugars on the Growth of Aspergillus niger. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(4), 7. doi:10.18016/ksujns.28479.
H.I. Ismail, K.W. Chan, A.A. Mariod, M. Ismail, (2010). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) methanolic extracts Food Chem., 119 (2), pp. 643-647.
Honeydew Varieties. (n.d.). Retrieved August 22, 2017, from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/honeydew-varieties-26548.html.
Kim, S., & Dale, B. E. (2004). Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass and Bioenergy, 26(4), 361-375. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.002.
Ltd., GardensOnline Pty., and Bob Sauners.d. "Cucumis melo Inodorus group." GardensOnline: Cucumis melo Inodorus group. Accessed January 4, 2017. http://www.gardensonline.com.au/GardenShed/PlantFinder/Show_2927.aspx.
Neelam Maurya., Sirohi, R., & Prakash, V. (August 2014). Bioethanol Production by A. Niger Produced Cellulase by Solid State Fermentation . International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) , 3(8), 807-810.
Nitesh, K., Singh, J. P., Ravi, R., Subathradevi, C., & Srinivasan, V. M. (2013). Bioethanol production from weed plant (Cyperus rotundus) by enzymatic hydrolysis. Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(4), 299-302.
Mcclenny, N, (2005). "Laboratory detection and identification of Aspergillus species by microscopic observation and culture: the traditional approach." Medical Mycology 43, no. S1 125-28. Doi:10.1080/13693780500052222.
Mian-Hao, H., & Yansong, A. (2007). Characteristics of some nutritional composition of melon (Cucumis melo hybrid ‘ChunLi’) seeds. International Journal of Food Science & Technology,42(12), 1397-1401. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01352.x
Miller GL, (1959) “Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar”. Anal Chem 31(3):426-428.
Mohamed, M. A, and Reddy, C.A. (1986). Direct fermentation of potato starch to ethanol by cocultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied and environmental microbiology.1055-1059.
Mark, R.W., Grohmann, K., Wilbur, W. W. (2007). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of citrus peel waste by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol", Process Biochemistry, Vol. 42: 1.
Morrison R.T and Boyd R.T (1992). “Organic Chemistry” .Prentice Hall of India Private limited, 6th Edition, 213-235, 1143-1195.
Oliveira, M. E., Vaughan, B. E., & Rykiel, E. J. (2005). Ethanol as Fuel: Energy, Carbon Dioxide Balances, and Ecological Footprint. BioScience, 55(7), 593. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0593:eafecd]2.0.co;2.
Omojasola, P Folakemi, Jilani, Omowumi Priscilla, Ibiyemi SA (2008). Cellulase production by some fungi cultured on pineapple waste. Nature and Science. 6(2):1545-0740.
Oyeleke, S. B., & Jibrin, N. M. (2009). Production of bioethanol from guinea cornhusk and millet husk. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(4), 147-152.
Pandey, A., Soccol, C.R., Nigam, P., Brand, D., Mohan, R. and Roussoss, S, (2000).“Biotechnology Potential of agro-industrial residues, part II. Cassava bagasse.” Bioresource Technology78:81-87.
Sarkar, N., Ghosh, S.K., Bannerjee, S., & Aikat, K, (2012). Bioethanol production from agricultural wastes: An overview. Renewable Energy,37 (1),19-27.
Salassi, M. E. (2007). “The economic feasibility of ethanol production from sugar crops,” Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Winter Issue.
Schuster, E., Dunn-Coleman, N., Frisvad, J. C., & Van Dijck, P. (2002). On the safety of Aspergillus niger–a review. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 59(4-5), 426-435.
Shanmugam Periyasamy, Sivakumar Venkatachalam, Sridhar Ramasamy, and Venkatesan Srinivasan, (2009)."Production of Bio-ethanol from Sugar Molasses Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Modern Applied Science 3, no. 8 . doi:10.5539/mas.v3n8p32.
Sivakumaran, Subathira, Lee Huffman, and Sivalingam Sivakumaran, (2014). The concise New Zealand food composition tables. Palmerston North, New Zealand: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited.
Stephens2, James M. "Melon, Honeydew? Cucumis melo L. (Inodorus group)." EDIS New Publications RSS. Accessed January 10, 2017. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mv093.
Tao, F., Miao, J., Shi, G., & Zhang, K. (2005). Ethanol fermentation by an acidtolerant Zymomonas mobilis under non-sterilized condition. Process Biochemistry, 40(1), 183-187.
Togarepi, E., Mapiye, C., Muchanyereyi, N. and Dzomba, P. (2012) Optimization of Fermentation Parameters for Ethanol Production from Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Pulp Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NA33). International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 2(2): 60-69.
Yan, L. and S. Tanaka (2006): Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: current state and prospects. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 69: 627– 642.
Yanty, N., Lai, O., Osman, A., Long, K., & Ghazali, H. (2008). Physicochemical Properties Of Cucumis Melo Var. Inodorus (Honeydew Melon) Seed And Seed Oil. Journal of Food Lipids,15(1), 42-55. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.2007.00101.x
Yusuf, M., Bashar, H. A., Ahmad, M. B., & Dogarai, B. B. (2016). Bioethanol Production from Neem Tree Leaves (Azadirachtaindica) Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Fermenting Agent. Journal of Applied Chemistry. 9(3), 2-37.
Published
2019-08-12
How to Cite
SALIH, Noura K. M; PARANJOTHI, Nithiya.
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM ASPERGILLUS NIGER 2081 BY SUBMERGED BATCH FERMENTATION USING HONEYDEW MELON (CUCUMIS MELO) RINDS AS A SUBSTRATE.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Innovation, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-11, aug. 2019.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijarei/article/view/6562>. Date accessed: 09 sep. 2024.
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