The Interpretation of Rem Koolhaas’ Spatial Composition and Program Methodologies
Abstract
In contemporary architecture after modernism, the program plays a significant role in creating new types of architecture since the existing program's concept is insufficient to accommodate modern society's uncertain and multi-layered complex phenomena. This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of Rem Koolhaas' program organization and space composition method. As a methodology, the literature review examines the meaning of the program in modern architecture via theoretical consideration of the architectural program and, based on this, discusses the background of the formation of the concept of Rem Koolhaas' architectural program and organizational method. To compare the space composition methods that appear in the process of materializing into space, the area was classified into architectural thoughts, circulation, structure, and furniture. The result showed that Rem Koolhaas first viewed the program as indeterminate and reinterpreted it via an integration stage. Looking at the architectural way of thinking in the composition of space, Rem Koolhaas composed the space by focusing on the vertical relationship of space. Rem Koolhaas integrated the circulation and central activity parts for internal circulation in the main composition via a continuous path. It was proven that regarding the structure in spatial composition, Rem Koolhaas used structure to realize the concept of a program. Rem Koolhaas constructed the space in an anti-gravity form. It was investigated that furniture in space composition, and Rem Koolhaas shows a common tendency to use furniture as an element that creates events. In that way, Rem Koolhaas used furniture in an integrated manner with constructive elements.
References
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Crewe, L. (2017). The geographies of fashion: Consumption, space, and value. Bloomsbury Publishing. 24-31.
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Fedorchenko, M. (2011). Shape Follows Decorated Diagram: Modes of Aligning Formal and Programmatic Expression. International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 1(2).
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Isenstadt, S. (2021). Image Renewal: Polemic and Presentation in the Urban Theory of Rem Koolhaas and Leon Krier. In Imaging the City (pp. 213-235). Routledge.
Jashari-Kajtazi, T. (2014). Architecture as Political Expression/the Expression of national identity in embassy buildings; Berlin experience.
Jauslin, D. (2015). Infrastructure as landscape as architecture. Research in Urbanism Series, 3, 229-251.
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Jencks, C., & Koolhaas, R. (2011). Radical Post‐Modernism and Content: Charles Jencks and Rem Koolhaas Debate the Issue. Architectural Design, 81(5), 32-45.
Jerković-Babović, B., Rakonjac, I., & Furundžić, D. (2020). Fluid spaces in a contemporary urban context: questioning the boundary between architecture and infrastructure. Spatium, 35-43.
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Kim, J. G., & Koh, G. H. (2013). A Study on the Characteristic of'Landscape Architecture'in Environment-Friendly Architecture. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 22(3), 3-10.
Kim, J. I. (2014). Making cities global: the new city development of Songdo, Yujiapu and Lingang. Planning Perspectives, 29(3), 329-356.
Kim, Y. J. (2013). On flexibility in architecture focused on the contradiction in designing flexible space and its design proposition. Architectural research, 15(4), 191-200.
Koolhaas, R. (2011). Cronocaos. Log, (21), 119-123.
Koolhaas, R. (2014). Delirious New York: a retroactive manifesto for Manhattan. The Monacelli Press, LLC. 185-196.
Koolhaas, R. (2014). Junkspace:(2002). In The People, Place, and Space Reader (pp. 22-26). Routledge.
Koolhaas, R., & OMA. (2019). Museum in the Countryside: Aesthetics of the Data Centre. Architectural Design, 89(1), 60-65.
Kubo, M. (2012). Rem Koolhaas: A Kind of Architect by Markus Heidingsfelder and Min Tesch. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 71(2), 242-244.
Lacerda Neto, F. (2019, September). Aesthetic Delirious Urbanism-Rem Koolhaas. In Materials Science and Engineering Conference Series (Vol. 603, No. 3, p. 032057).
Lardinois, S. (2017). Contemporary architecture in the historic environment: Recent international perspectives. Change Over Time, 7(2), 252-271.
Ling, T. Y., Yen, N., Lin, C. H., & Chandra, W. (2021). Critical thinking in the urban living habitat: Attributes criteria and typo-morphological exploration of modularity design. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 103278.
Liu, J., Wang, J., Xu, C., Jiang, H., Li, C., Zhang, L., ... & Shen, Z. X. (2018). Advanced energy storage devices: basic principles, analytical methods, and rational materials design. Advanced science, 5(1), 1700322.
Martinez-Millana, E., & Alcaraz, A. C. (2022). The panopticon prison as a “social condenser”: The study of the project for De Koepel prison by Rem Koolhaas/OMA (1979–1988). Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 31-52.
Martinez-Millana, E., & Cánovas Alcaraz, A. (2020). Domesticity ‘behind Bars’: project by Rem Koolhaas/OMA for the renovation of a panopticon prison in Arnhem. Buildings, 10(7), 117.
Martins, A. M. T., & Rodrigues, T. (2019, September). Deconstruction: Between Icon and Architectural Landmark, Two Spanish Examples. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 603, No. 2, p. 022055). IOP Publishing.
Mattern, S. (2016). Just how public is the Seattle Central Library? Publicity, posturing, and politics in public design. In Take One Building: Interdisciplinary Research Perspectives of the Seattle Central Library (pp. 37-53). Routledge.
Nesbit, J. S. (2015). Layered Infrastructures. International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 6(3).
Nuijsink, C. (2022). Rem Koolhaas’s House with No Style: The 1992 Shinkenchiku Residential Design Competition. The Hybrid Practitioner, 249.
OECD (2020). Building back better: A sustainable, resilient recovery after COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/building-back better-a-sustainable-resilient-recovery-after-covid-19-52b869f5/
Oevermann, H. (2017). Rem Koolhaas: Delirious New York. In Schlüsselwerke der Stadtforschung (pp. 107-126). Springer VS, Wiesbaden.
Pena, W. M., & Parshall, S. A. (2012). Problem seeking: An architectural programming primer. John Wiley & Sons. 24-34.
Plevoets, B., & Van Cleempoel, K. (2011). Adaptive reuse as a strategy towards conservation of cultural heritage: a literature review. Structural studies, repairs and maintenance of heritage architecture XII, 118(12), 155-163.
Romano, R. (2014). For diversity in the international regulation of financial institutions: Critiquing and recalibrating the Basel architecture. Yale J. on Reg., 31, 1.
Samper, J. (2014). Toward an epistemology of the form of the informal city: Mapping the process of informal city making. Informal Settlement Research ISR.
Schumacher, P. (2011). The autopoiesis of architecture, Volume I: A new framework for architecture (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons. 48-53.
Sennett, R. (2020). The public realm. In Being Urban (pp. 35-58). Routledge.
Sevaldson, B. (2010). Discussions & movements in design research. FORMakademisk, 3(1).
Tan, Z. (2015). Townscape in a High-rise: Imageability and Accessibility of Vertical Malls in Hong Kong. International Journal of High-Rise Buildings, 4(2), 143-152.
Teal, R. (2011). Foundational history: An integrated approach to basic design, history, and theory. Journal of Architectural Education, 64(2), 37-45.
Van Ballegooijen, J., & Rocco, R. (2013). The Ideologies of Informality: informal urbanisation in the architectural and planning discourses. Third World Quarterly, 34(10), 1794-1810.
Van Gerrewey, C. (2019). OMA/Rem Koolhaas. In OMA/Rem Koolhaas. Birkhäuser. 103-112.
Van Gerrewey, C. (2019). Outreach extensions: OMA/Rem Koolhaas exhibitions as self-critical environments. Architectural Theory Review, 23(1), 90-113.
Vilar-Rodriguez, M., & Pons-Pons, J. (2019). The long shadow of charity in the Spanish hospital system, c. 1870–1942. Social History, 44(3), 317-342.
Weir, S. (2022). Salvador Dalí in Rem Koolhaas’ Delirious New York. The Journal of Architecture, 27(2-3), 398-419.
Wetzel, C. (2012). Integrating structures and design in the first-year studio. Journal of Architectural Education, 66(1), 107-114.
Yazici, M., & Ozturk, S. D. (2022). An analysis of Rem Koolhaas's discourses on architecture and urban design using a corpus-based model. Frontiers of Architectural Research.
Zook, J., & Bafna, S. (2016). The feel of space: Social and phenomenal staging in the Seattle Central Library. In Take One Building: Interdisciplinary Research Perspectives of the Seattle Central Library (pp. 111-128). Routledge.
Žuljević, S. (2021). Transformation of the city of Split industrial heritage into a science center. ST-OPEN, 2, 1-35.
Ali, M. M., & Al-Kodmany, K. (2012). Tall buildings and urban habitat of the 21st century: a global perspective. Buildings, 2(4), 384-423.
Austin, S. (2012). Lounge space: the home, the city, and the service area. In Reading Architecture and Culture (pp. 124-138). Routledge.
Bianco, L. (2018). Architecture, values and perception: between rhetoric and reality. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 7(1), 92-99.
Böck, I. (2015). Six canonical projects by Rem Koolhaas: Essays on the History of Ideas (p. 370). jovis Verlag.
Böck, I. (2015). Six canonical projects by Rem Koolhaas: Essays on the History of Ideas (p. 370). jovis Verlag.
Bowden, B. G. (2019). Empiricism, epistemology and modern postmodernism: a critique. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal.
Butragueño Díaz-Guerra, B., Salgado de la Rosa, M., & Raposo Grau, J. F. (2018, May). Information Design: Communication-Design-Record. In Congreso Internacional de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (pp. 264-273). Springer, Cham.
Campkin, B. (2013). Placing “matter out of place”: Purity and danger as evidence for architecture and urbanism. Architectural Theory Review, 18(1), 46-61.
Carranza, L. E., & Lara, F. L. (2015). Modern architecture in Latin America: art, technology, and utopia. University of Texas Press. 74-85.
Celani, G. (2012). Theories and technologies in contemporary architecture: The Laboratory of Automation and Prototyping for Architecture and Construction at the State University of Campinas, Brazil. Revista de Arquitectura, 18(26), ág-33.
Ching, F. D. (2011). A visual dictionary of architecture. John Wiley & Sons. 24-34.
Colonnese, F. (2021). Rem Koolhaas and the Landscape as an Urban Medium. In Digital Draw Connections (pp. 601-631). Springer, Cham.
Cook, P. (2014). Drawing: the motive force of architecture. John Wiley & Sons. 44-52.
Crewe, L. (2017). The geographies of fashion: Consumption, space, and value. Bloomsbury Publishing. 24-31.
Dunham-Jones, E. (2013). Irrational exuberance: rem Koolhaas and the 1990s. In Architecture and Capitalism (pp. 150-169). Routledge.
Dunham-Jones, E. (2013). The irrational exuberance of Rem Koolhaas. Places Journal.
Fedorchenko, M. (2011). Shape Follows Decorated Diagram: Modes of Aligning Formal and Programmatic Expression. International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 1(2).
Ferguson, J. (2017). Public Participation: Processes and Outcomes in the Planning and Design of Public Libraries (Doctoral dissertation).
Gargiani, R. (2017). Kunsthal: Rem Koolhaas/oma. Companion to the History of Architecture, 1-8.
Gerrewey, C. V. (2013). “Hope has Returned”: The Glorious Reception of OMA/Rem Koolhaas in the Dutch-Speaking World. Architectural Theory Review, 18(3), 356-371.
Groat, L. N., & Wang, D. (2013). Architectural research methods. John Wiley & Sons. 48-53.
Harman, G. (2022). Architecture and Objects. U of Minnesota Press. 87-92.
Hartoonian, G. (2016). Architecture and spectacle: a critique. Routledge. 84-96.
Hays, K. M. (2012). Constructing a new agenda: architectural theory 1993-2009. Chronicle Books. 124-137.
Hensel, M. (2013). Performance-oriented architecture: rethinking architectural design and the built environment. John Wiley & Sons. 104-112.
Hensel, M. (2013). Performance-oriented architecture: rethinking architectural design and the built environment. John Wiley & Sons. 124-132.
Isenstadt, S. (2021). Image Renewal: Polemic and Presentation in the Urban Theory of Rem Koolhaas and Leon Krier. In Imaging the City (pp. 213-235). Routledge.
Jashari-Kajtazi, T. (2014). Architecture as Political Expression/the Expression of national identity in embassy buildings; Berlin experience.
Jauslin, D. (2015). Infrastructure as landscape as architecture. Research in Urbanism Series, 3, 229-251.
Jauslin, D. (2019). Two Libraries at Jussieu, Paris. A+ BE| Architecture and the Built Environment, (13), 140-195.
Jencks, C., & Koolhaas, R. (2011). Radical Post‐Modernism and Content: Charles Jencks and Rem Koolhaas Debate the Issue. Architectural Design, 81(5), 32-45.
Jerković-Babović, B., Rakonjac, I., & Furundžić, D. (2020). Fluid spaces in a contemporary urban context: questioning the boundary between architecture and infrastructure. Spatium, 35-43.
Jung, H. J., & Shin, Y. K. (2016). Spatial characteristics of the infrastructure integrated with architectural space focused on international hub airport. Sustainable cities and society, 27, 203-209.
Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J., & Mador, M. (2011). Biophilic design: the theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life. John Wiley & Sons. 147-153.
Kim, J. G., & Koh, G. H. (2013). A Study on the Characteristic of'Landscape Architecture'in Environment-Friendly Architecture. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 22(3), 3-10.
Kim, J. I. (2014). Making cities global: the new city development of Songdo, Yujiapu and Lingang. Planning Perspectives, 29(3), 329-356.
Kim, Y. J. (2013). On flexibility in architecture focused on the contradiction in designing flexible space and its design proposition. Architectural research, 15(4), 191-200.
Koolhaas, R. (2011). Cronocaos. Log, (21), 119-123.
Koolhaas, R. (2014). Delirious New York: a retroactive manifesto for Manhattan. The Monacelli Press, LLC. 185-196.
Koolhaas, R. (2014). Junkspace:(2002). In The People, Place, and Space Reader (pp. 22-26). Routledge.
Koolhaas, R., & OMA. (2019). Museum in the Countryside: Aesthetics of the Data Centre. Architectural Design, 89(1), 60-65.
Kubo, M. (2012). Rem Koolhaas: A Kind of Architect by Markus Heidingsfelder and Min Tesch. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 71(2), 242-244.
Lacerda Neto, F. (2019, September). Aesthetic Delirious Urbanism-Rem Koolhaas. In Materials Science and Engineering Conference Series (Vol. 603, No. 3, p. 032057).
Lardinois, S. (2017). Contemporary architecture in the historic environment: Recent international perspectives. Change Over Time, 7(2), 252-271.
Ling, T. Y., Yen, N., Lin, C. H., & Chandra, W. (2021). Critical thinking in the urban living habitat: Attributes criteria and typo-morphological exploration of modularity design. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 103278.
Liu, J., Wang, J., Xu, C., Jiang, H., Li, C., Zhang, L., ... & Shen, Z. X. (2018). Advanced energy storage devices: basic principles, analytical methods, and rational materials design. Advanced science, 5(1), 1700322.
Martinez-Millana, E., & Alcaraz, A. C. (2022). The panopticon prison as a “social condenser”: The study of the project for De Koepel prison by Rem Koolhaas/OMA (1979–1988). Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 31-52.
Martinez-Millana, E., & Cánovas Alcaraz, A. (2020). Domesticity ‘behind Bars’: project by Rem Koolhaas/OMA for the renovation of a panopticon prison in Arnhem. Buildings, 10(7), 117.
Martins, A. M. T., & Rodrigues, T. (2019, September). Deconstruction: Between Icon and Architectural Landmark, Two Spanish Examples. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 603, No. 2, p. 022055). IOP Publishing.
Mattern, S. (2016). Just how public is the Seattle Central Library? Publicity, posturing, and politics in public design. In Take One Building: Interdisciplinary Research Perspectives of the Seattle Central Library (pp. 37-53). Routledge.
Nesbit, J. S. (2015). Layered Infrastructures. International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 6(3).
Nuijsink, C. (2022). Rem Koolhaas’s House with No Style: The 1992 Shinkenchiku Residential Design Competition. The Hybrid Practitioner, 249.
OECD (2020). Building back better: A sustainable, resilient recovery after COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/building-back better-a-sustainable-resilient-recovery-after-covid-19-52b869f5/
Oevermann, H. (2017). Rem Koolhaas: Delirious New York. In Schlüsselwerke der Stadtforschung (pp. 107-126). Springer VS, Wiesbaden.
Pena, W. M., & Parshall, S. A. (2012). Problem seeking: An architectural programming primer. John Wiley & Sons. 24-34.
Plevoets, B., & Van Cleempoel, K. (2011). Adaptive reuse as a strategy towards conservation of cultural heritage: a literature review. Structural studies, repairs and maintenance of heritage architecture XII, 118(12), 155-163.
Romano, R. (2014). For diversity in the international regulation of financial institutions: Critiquing and recalibrating the Basel architecture. Yale J. on Reg., 31, 1.
Samper, J. (2014). Toward an epistemology of the form of the informal city: Mapping the process of informal city making. Informal Settlement Research ISR.
Schumacher, P. (2011). The autopoiesis of architecture, Volume I: A new framework for architecture (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons. 48-53.
Sennett, R. (2020). The public realm. In Being Urban (pp. 35-58). Routledge.
Sevaldson, B. (2010). Discussions & movements in design research. FORMakademisk, 3(1).
Tan, Z. (2015). Townscape in a High-rise: Imageability and Accessibility of Vertical Malls in Hong Kong. International Journal of High-Rise Buildings, 4(2), 143-152.
Teal, R. (2011). Foundational history: An integrated approach to basic design, history, and theory. Journal of Architectural Education, 64(2), 37-45.
Van Ballegooijen, J., & Rocco, R. (2013). The Ideologies of Informality: informal urbanisation in the architectural and planning discourses. Third World Quarterly, 34(10), 1794-1810.
Van Gerrewey, C. (2019). OMA/Rem Koolhaas. In OMA/Rem Koolhaas. Birkhäuser. 103-112.
Van Gerrewey, C. (2019). Outreach extensions: OMA/Rem Koolhaas exhibitions as self-critical environments. Architectural Theory Review, 23(1), 90-113.
Vilar-Rodriguez, M., & Pons-Pons, J. (2019). The long shadow of charity in the Spanish hospital system, c. 1870–1942. Social History, 44(3), 317-342.
Weir, S. (2022). Salvador Dalí in Rem Koolhaas’ Delirious New York. The Journal of Architecture, 27(2-3), 398-419.
Wetzel, C. (2012). Integrating structures and design in the first-year studio. Journal of Architectural Education, 66(1), 107-114.
Yazici, M., & Ozturk, S. D. (2022). An analysis of Rem Koolhaas's discourses on architecture and urban design using a corpus-based model. Frontiers of Architectural Research.
Zook, J., & Bafna, S. (2016). The feel of space: Social and phenomenal staging in the Seattle Central Library. In Take One Building: Interdisciplinary Research Perspectives of the Seattle Central Library (pp. 111-128). Routledge.
Žuljević, S. (2021). Transformation of the city of Split industrial heritage into a science center. ST-OPEN, 2, 1-35.
Published
2024-06-01
How to Cite
ARAR, Mohammad; SHERZAD, Mohammed; SHIQWARAH, Nashwa.
The Interpretation of Rem Koolhaas’ Spatial Composition and Program Methodologies.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Innovation, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, p. 13-25, june 2024.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijarei/article/view/26829>. Date accessed: 04 oct. 2024.
Section
Articles
