A Review on Experimental Investigations and Geotechnical Characteristic of Peat Soil Stabilization
Abstract
Peat soil is an organic soil which consist more of that 70% of organic matters and can be recognize from their color and texture. Peat bogs are an important ecosystem that contributes significantly to global climate stability. Peat from Malaysia is tropical peat. This peat has distinct features that distinguish it from other types of peat. This soil is normally dark reddish-brown to black and made up of partially decomposed leaves, branches, twigs, and tree trunks with a low mineral content in its natural state. Various of experimental and study has been conducted to improve and stabilize of peat soil due to compressibility and geotechnical characteristics of peat. Peat also is an inadequate soil for sustaining foundations in its natural condition due to its high moisture content (>100%), high compressibility (0.9-1.5), and poor shear strength (5-20 kPa). Thus, injection method of Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) will be used to increase the stabilization of peat soil. The study of index properties such as von Post scale, natural moisture content, liquid limit, bulk unit weight, specific gravity, initial void ratio, pH value, linear shrinkage, plastic limit, fiber content, ash content and organic content and composition compressibility of peat soil will be conducted; present of compressibility of peat soil with Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP). A comprehensive laboratory work will be carried out to study the compressive parameters of hemic peat stabilized with various quantities of Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) which they were subjected to Rowe Cell Consolidation test between disturbed and undisturbed samples. From this research, the relationship between peat soil and Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) will be determined whether usage of EPP may can increase a stabilization of peat soil and be a ‘binder’ element in peat soil.
References
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Aminur, Kolay & Taib (2009). Effect of admixture on stabilization of peat from Sarawak. IGC Guntur India.
Andriesse P. (1988). Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils. FAO Soils Bulletin 59: FAO, United Nations, Rome.
Atemin H. H. (2012). A Study on Consolidation and Permeability Properties of Tropical Peat. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia: Bachelor Degree Thesis.
A.S.T.M. (1992). American Society for Testing and Materials Annual. Philadelphia, PA., U. S. A
ASTM. (2013). ASTM D4427-13 (2013) Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing. Am. Soc. Testings Methods, ASTM, 92, 5–7,
Azrul Zulwali, K., Adnan, Z., & Mohd Idrus, M. M. (2016). Physical Properties of Peat in Sibu, Sarawak. Conference: International Conference on Problematic Soils. Bandung, Indonesia.
Zhafirah, A., Somantri, A. K., & Permana, S. (2019). Analysis of Oedometer and Rowe Cell Consolidation Compared to Experimental Testing. IOP Conference Journal of Physics, 1402
Babel, U. (1975). Micromorphology of soil organic matter. Soil components, organic components, J. E. Gieseking, ed., Springer, New York, Vol. 1, pp. 369– 473
Benhelal, E., Zahedi, G., Shamsaei, E., & Bahadori, A.(2013). Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 51, 142.
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British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 3: Chemical and Electrochemical Tests, BSI, London
British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 4: Compaction-related Tests, BSI, London.
British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 5: Compressibility, Permeability and Durability Tests, BSI, London.
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Bujang, B. K. H. (2004). Organic and Peat Soils Engineering. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.
Bujang B. K. Huat, Shukri Maail, Thamer A. Mohamed, Am. J. Appl. Sci. 2 (7) (2009) 1113–1120, ISSN 1546-9239
Duraisamy Y. (2005) Compressibility behavior of tropical peat reinforced with cement column (Master Sc. dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Duraisamy Y., Huat B.B., & Muniandy R. (2009). Compressibility behavior of fibrous peat reinforced with cement columns. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. Oct 1;27(5):619-29
Duraisamy Y., Huat B.K. & Aziz A. A. (2007). Engineering properties and compressibility behavior of tropical peat soil. American J. of Appl Sci. 4 768-773
Deboucha, S., Hashim, R. & Alwi, A. (2008). Engineering Properties of Stabilized Tropical Peat Soils," The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), 13.
Duraisamy, Y., Huat, B.B.K. & Aziz A.A. (2007-b). Engineering Properties and Compressibility Behavior of Tropical Peat Soil. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 4 (10): 786-791
Edil, T. B. (2001). Site characterization in peat and organic soils. Proc. Int. Conf. In-situ Meas. Soil Properties and Case Histories, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 49-59.
Hashim R. & Islam S. (2008) Engineering Properties of Peat Soils in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Applied Science, 8(22), 4215-4219.
Hazebroek, H. P. & Abang Kashim Abang Murshidi. (2000). National Parks of Sarawak. Natural History Publications: Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Hobbs, N. B. (1986). Mire Morphology and the Properties and Behavior of Some British and Foreign Peats. Q. I Eng. Geol., London, 19(1), 7-80
Huat, B. B. K. (2004). Organic and Peat soil Engineering. University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Huat B. B., Maail S., & Mohamed T.A. (2005). Effect of chemical admixtures on the engineering properties of tropical peat soils. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(7), 1113.
Huat, B. B. K., Kazemian, S., Prasad, A. & Barghchi, M. (2011) State of an art review of peat: General perspective. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(8), 1988-1996.
Islam, M. S. & Hashim, R. (2008). Use of mackintosh probe test for field investigation in peat soil. Proceeding of the International Conference, May 26-27, Best Western Premier Seri Pacific Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp: 27-27
Jarret, P. M. (1995). Geoguide 6. Site Investigation for Organics Soils and Peat. JKR Document 20709- 0341-95. Institut Kerja Raya Malaysia
Kazemian, S., Huat B. B. K., Jit Ming Yeong & Vahed, G. (2008). Laboratory Investigations on Shear Strength of Organic Soils and Peat Reinforced with Cement Columns. Proc. of Int. Graduate Con. on Eng. and Sci. (IGCES) UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Kazemian, S., Asadi, A. & Huat, B. B. K. (2009). Laboratory Study on Geotechnical Characterization of Tropical Organic Soils and Peat. International Journal of Geotechnics and Environment, January(1).
Kazemian, S. (2019). Organic Soils and Peats. link springer.com.1 Jan. 1970. URL: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.100%2F978-3-319-12127-7_214-1.
Kolay P. K., & Taib S. N. L. (2018). Physical and geotechnical properties of tropical peat and stabilization Peat. 93-105
Kolay P.K., Sii H.Y., & Taib S.N. (2011) Tropical peat soil stabilization using class F pond ash from coal fired power plant. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3(2),79- 83.
Kolay P.K. & Pui, M.P (2010). Peat Stabilization using Gypsum and Fly Ash. UNIMAS E- Journal of Civil Engineering, 1(2).
Leete, R. (2006). Malaysia’s peat swamp forest conservation and sustainable use. Publised by United Nations Development Programme Malaysia,. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia.
Mesri, G., & Ajlouni, M. (2007). Engineering properties of fibrous peats. Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(7). 851-866.
Moore, P. D. (1989). The ecology of peat-forming processes: a review. International Journal of Coal Geology, 12(1-4), 89-103.
O’Kelly, B. C. (2015). Atterberg limits and peat. Environmental Geotechnics, 3(6), 359-363.
Paxia S. R. (2019). Physical and Chemical Analysis of Land in Forest Peat Swamp in Resort Pondok soar, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 394, 0120.
Panagos P., Jones A., Bosco C., & Senthil Kumar P.S. (2011) European digital archive on soil maps (EuDASM): Preserving important soil data for public free access. International Journal of Digital Earth, 4(5), 434-443.
Radforth, N. W. (1969). Muskeg as an engineering problem. Muskeg Engineering Handbook, I. C. MacFarlane, ed., Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp. 3–30.
Ratna Dewi., Yulia H., Yulindasari, S., Iqbal, M. M. & Arfan, M. (2020). Peat Soil Improvement Method Using Woven Bamboo and Cerucuk. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology, 10(4), 1617-1623.
Raihana F. A. R., Asrah, H., Nurfaidhi, R. et al. (2020) Study of Eco-Processed Pozzolan Characterization as Partial Replacement of Cement. J. Environ. Treat. Tech., 8(3), 967-970.
Sa’don, N. M., Abdul Karim, A. R., Ahamad, Z., & Mariappan, A. (2016). Sarawak Hemic Peat Consolidation Settlement and Shear Strength Behaviour. In 15th International Peat Congress.
Saedon, N. & Zainorabidin, A. (2012). An investigation of soil volume changes at four dimensional points of peat soil sample in Parit Nipah and Pontian. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 773-774.
Siti Nooraiin, M. R., Ismail, B., Adnan, Z. (2013). Behaviour of Peat Soil in Instrumented Physical Model Studies. Procedia Engineering. 53. 145-155.
S. Kazemian & B.B.K. Huat (2009). A Review of Stabilization of Soft Soil by Injection of Chemical Grouting. Australian J, Basic Application, Sci, 4(12), 5862-5868.
Soper, E. K., & Osbon, C. C. (1922). The occurrence and uses of peat in the United States. U.S.G.S. Bulletin no. 728, pp. 1–207.
S. Kazemian & B.B. K. Huat (2009). Compressibility Characteristic of Fibrous Tropical Peat Reinforced Column. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), 14.
Van der Heijden, E., Bouman, F., & Boon, J. J. (1994). Anatomy of recent and peat field Calluna vulgaris stems Implications for coal mineral formation. Proc., Int. J. Coal Geology, 25(1), 1–25
Vijayakumar, A. & Karthikeyan. (2014). Geotechnical characterization of peat soil fly-ash and lime mixture. Third National Conference on Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering, 3, 231-234.
Winterkorn, H. F. & Pamukcu, S. (1991). Soil Stabilization and Grouting. In H. Y. Fang (ed), Foundation Engineering Handbook. New York: Springer Science and Business Media.
Wong, L. S., Hashim, R., & Ali, F. H. (2008). Engineering Behaviour of Stabilised Peat Soil. European Journal of Scienc, 21, 581-591.
Wong, L. S., Hashim R. & Ali, F. H. (2009) A review on hydraulic conductivity and compressibility of peat. J. of Applied Sci., 9, 3207-3218.
Yulindasari Sutejo, Anis Saggaff, Wiwik Rahayu, Hanafiah. (2017). Physical and Chemical characteristics of Fibrous Peat. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Construction and Building Engineering (ICONBUILD), AIP Conf. Proc. 1903, 090006-1–090006-9.
Yulindasari, S., Anis, S., Wiwik, R., & Hanafiah. (2019). Effect of Temperature and heating time variation on characteristics of fibrous peat soils. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 620.
Yulindasari (2006). Compressibility Characteristics of Fibrous Peat Soil. Master of Engineering (Geotechnics) thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Zainorabidin A. & Wijeyesekera D. C. (2007). Geotechnical challenges with Malaysian peat. Advances in Computing and Technology Proc. of the AC & T 2nd Annual Conference, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering (University of East London, London), pp 252– 261
Zainorabidin, A. & Bakar, I. (2003). Engineering properties of in-situ and modified hemic peat soil in Western Johore. In Proceedings of 2 nd International Conference on Advance in Soft Soil Engineering and Technology, 173-182. Putra Jaya, Malaysia.
Zainorabiddin, A. (2010). Static and dynamic characteristics of peat with macro and microstructure.
Zambri N. M. & Zuhayr Md. G. (2018). Peat Soil Stabilization using Lime and Cement E3S Web of Conferences 34, 01034.
Adnan, Z. & Wijeyesekera, D.C. (2007). Geotechnical Challenges with Malaysian Peat. In Proceedings of The Advances Computing and Technology 2007 Conference, 252-261. London, United Kingdom.
Ali Hauashdh, Radin Maya Saphira, R. M., Junaidah, J., & Junita A. R. (2020). Stabilization of Peat Soil Using Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Portland Cement: Soil Improvement and Coal Ash Waste Reduction Approach. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 498.
Aminur, Kolay & Taib (2009). Effect of admixture on stabilization of peat from Sarawak. IGC Guntur India.
Andriesse P. (1988). Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils. FAO Soils Bulletin 59: FAO, United Nations, Rome.
Atemin H. H. (2012). A Study on Consolidation and Permeability Properties of Tropical Peat. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia: Bachelor Degree Thesis.
A.S.T.M. (1992). American Society for Testing and Materials Annual. Philadelphia, PA., U. S. A
ASTM. (2013). ASTM D4427-13 (2013) Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing. Am. Soc. Testings Methods, ASTM, 92, 5–7,
Azrul Zulwali, K., Adnan, Z., & Mohd Idrus, M. M. (2016). Physical Properties of Peat in Sibu, Sarawak. Conference: International Conference on Problematic Soils. Bandung, Indonesia.
Zhafirah, A., Somantri, A. K., & Permana, S. (2019). Analysis of Oedometer and Rowe Cell Consolidation Compared to Experimental Testing. IOP Conference Journal of Physics, 1402
Babel, U. (1975). Micromorphology of soil organic matter. Soil components, organic components, J. E. Gieseking, ed., Springer, New York, Vol. 1, pp. 369– 473
Benhelal, E., Zahedi, G., Shamsaei, E., & Bahadori, A.(2013). Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 51, 142.
British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 2: Classification Tests, BSI, London.
British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 3: Chemical and Electrochemical Tests, BSI, London
British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 4: Compaction-related Tests, BSI, London.
British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 5: Compressibility, Permeability and Durability Tests, BSI, London.
British Standard Institution: BS1377. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 5: Compressibility, Permeability and Durability Tests, BSI, London.
Bujang, B. K. H. (2004). Organic and Peat Soils Engineering. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.
Bujang B. K. Huat, Shukri Maail, Thamer A. Mohamed, Am. J. Appl. Sci. 2 (7) (2009) 1113–1120, ISSN 1546-9239
Duraisamy Y. (2005) Compressibility behavior of tropical peat reinforced with cement column (Master Sc. dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Duraisamy Y., Huat B.B., & Muniandy R. (2009). Compressibility behavior of fibrous peat reinforced with cement columns. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. Oct 1;27(5):619-29
Duraisamy Y., Huat B.K. & Aziz A. A. (2007). Engineering properties and compressibility behavior of tropical peat soil. American J. of Appl Sci. 4 768-773
Deboucha, S., Hashim, R. & Alwi, A. (2008). Engineering Properties of Stabilized Tropical Peat Soils," The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), 13.
Duraisamy, Y., Huat, B.B.K. & Aziz A.A. (2007-b). Engineering Properties and Compressibility Behavior of Tropical Peat Soil. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 4 (10): 786-791
Edil, T. B. (2001). Site characterization in peat and organic soils. Proc. Int. Conf. In-situ Meas. Soil Properties and Case Histories, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 49-59.
Hashim R. & Islam S. (2008) Engineering Properties of Peat Soils in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Applied Science, 8(22), 4215-4219.
Hazebroek, H. P. & Abang Kashim Abang Murshidi. (2000). National Parks of Sarawak. Natural History Publications: Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Hobbs, N. B. (1986). Mire Morphology and the Properties and Behavior of Some British and Foreign Peats. Q. I Eng. Geol., London, 19(1), 7-80
Huat, B. B. K. (2004). Organic and Peat soil Engineering. University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Huat B. B., Maail S., & Mohamed T.A. (2005). Effect of chemical admixtures on the engineering properties of tropical peat soils. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(7), 1113.
Huat, B. B. K., Kazemian, S., Prasad, A. & Barghchi, M. (2011) State of an art review of peat: General perspective. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(8), 1988-1996.
Islam, M. S. & Hashim, R. (2008). Use of mackintosh probe test for field investigation in peat soil. Proceeding of the International Conference, May 26-27, Best Western Premier Seri Pacific Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp: 27-27
Jarret, P. M. (1995). Geoguide 6. Site Investigation for Organics Soils and Peat. JKR Document 20709- 0341-95. Institut Kerja Raya Malaysia
Kazemian, S., Huat B. B. K., Jit Ming Yeong & Vahed, G. (2008). Laboratory Investigations on Shear Strength of Organic Soils and Peat Reinforced with Cement Columns. Proc. of Int. Graduate Con. on Eng. and Sci. (IGCES) UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Kazemian, S., Asadi, A. & Huat, B. B. K. (2009). Laboratory Study on Geotechnical Characterization of Tropical Organic Soils and Peat. International Journal of Geotechnics and Environment, January(1).
Kazemian, S. (2019). Organic Soils and Peats. link springer.com.1 Jan. 1970. URL: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.100%2F978-3-319-12127-7_214-1.
Kolay P. K., & Taib S. N. L. (2018). Physical and geotechnical properties of tropical peat and stabilization Peat. 93-105
Kolay P.K., Sii H.Y., & Taib S.N. (2011) Tropical peat soil stabilization using class F pond ash from coal fired power plant. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3(2),79- 83.
Kolay P.K. & Pui, M.P (2010). Peat Stabilization using Gypsum and Fly Ash. UNIMAS E- Journal of Civil Engineering, 1(2).
Leete, R. (2006). Malaysia’s peat swamp forest conservation and sustainable use. Publised by United Nations Development Programme Malaysia,. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia.
Mesri, G., & Ajlouni, M. (2007). Engineering properties of fibrous peats. Journal of Geotechnical Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(7). 851-866.
Moore, P. D. (1989). The ecology of peat-forming processes: a review. International Journal of Coal Geology, 12(1-4), 89-103.
O’Kelly, B. C. (2015). Atterberg limits and peat. Environmental Geotechnics, 3(6), 359-363.
Paxia S. R. (2019). Physical and Chemical Analysis of Land in Forest Peat Swamp in Resort Pondok soar, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 394, 0120.
Panagos P., Jones A., Bosco C., & Senthil Kumar P.S. (2011) European digital archive on soil maps (EuDASM): Preserving important soil data for public free access. International Journal of Digital Earth, 4(5), 434-443.
Radforth, N. W. (1969). Muskeg as an engineering problem. Muskeg Engineering Handbook, I. C. MacFarlane, ed., Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp. 3–30.
Ratna Dewi., Yulia H., Yulindasari, S., Iqbal, M. M. & Arfan, M. (2020). Peat Soil Improvement Method Using Woven Bamboo and Cerucuk. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology, 10(4), 1617-1623.
Raihana F. A. R., Asrah, H., Nurfaidhi, R. et al. (2020) Study of Eco-Processed Pozzolan Characterization as Partial Replacement of Cement. J. Environ. Treat. Tech., 8(3), 967-970.
Sa’don, N. M., Abdul Karim, A. R., Ahamad, Z., & Mariappan, A. (2016). Sarawak Hemic Peat Consolidation Settlement and Shear Strength Behaviour. In 15th International Peat Congress.
Saedon, N. & Zainorabidin, A. (2012). An investigation of soil volume changes at four dimensional points of peat soil sample in Parit Nipah and Pontian. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 773-774.
Siti Nooraiin, M. R., Ismail, B., Adnan, Z. (2013). Behaviour of Peat Soil in Instrumented Physical Model Studies. Procedia Engineering. 53. 145-155.
S. Kazemian & B.B.K. Huat (2009). A Review of Stabilization of Soft Soil by Injection of Chemical Grouting. Australian J, Basic Application, Sci, 4(12), 5862-5868.
Soper, E. K., & Osbon, C. C. (1922). The occurrence and uses of peat in the United States. U.S.G.S. Bulletin no. 728, pp. 1–207.
S. Kazemian & B.B. K. Huat (2009). Compressibility Characteristic of Fibrous Tropical Peat Reinforced Column. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), 14.
Van der Heijden, E., Bouman, F., & Boon, J. J. (1994). Anatomy of recent and peat field Calluna vulgaris stems Implications for coal mineral formation. Proc., Int. J. Coal Geology, 25(1), 1–25
Vijayakumar, A. & Karthikeyan. (2014). Geotechnical characterization of peat soil fly-ash and lime mixture. Third National Conference on Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering, 3, 231-234.
Winterkorn, H. F. & Pamukcu, S. (1991). Soil Stabilization and Grouting. In H. Y. Fang (ed), Foundation Engineering Handbook. New York: Springer Science and Business Media.
Wong, L. S., Hashim, R., & Ali, F. H. (2008). Engineering Behaviour of Stabilised Peat Soil. European Journal of Scienc, 21, 581-591.
Wong, L. S., Hashim R. & Ali, F. H. (2009) A review on hydraulic conductivity and compressibility of peat. J. of Applied Sci., 9, 3207-3218.
Yulindasari Sutejo, Anis Saggaff, Wiwik Rahayu, Hanafiah. (2017). Physical and Chemical characteristics of Fibrous Peat. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Construction and Building Engineering (ICONBUILD), AIP Conf. Proc. 1903, 090006-1–090006-9.
Yulindasari, S., Anis, S., Wiwik, R., & Hanafiah. (2019). Effect of Temperature and heating time variation on characteristics of fibrous peat soils. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 620.
Yulindasari (2006). Compressibility Characteristics of Fibrous Peat Soil. Master of Engineering (Geotechnics) thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Zainorabidin A. & Wijeyesekera D. C. (2007). Geotechnical challenges with Malaysian peat. Advances in Computing and Technology Proc. of the AC & T 2nd Annual Conference, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering (University of East London, London), pp 252– 261
Zainorabidin, A. & Bakar, I. (2003). Engineering properties of in-situ and modified hemic peat soil in Western Johore. In Proceedings of 2 nd International Conference on Advance in Soft Soil Engineering and Technology, 173-182. Putra Jaya, Malaysia.
Zainorabiddin, A. (2010). Static and dynamic characteristics of peat with macro and microstructure.
Zambri N. M. & Zuhayr Md. G. (2018). Peat Soil Stabilization using Lime and Cement E3S Web of Conferences 34, 01034.
Published
2023-03-01
How to Cite
SAIDA, Nur Aqilah; GEORGE, Alistair Dylan; MOHAMAD, Habib Musa.
A Review on Experimental Investigations and Geotechnical Characteristic of Peat Soil Stabilization.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Innovation, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-19, mar. 2023.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijarei/article/view/21524>. Date accessed: 15 sep. 2024.
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