The Analysis of Peter Zumthor’s Emotional Architecture in Therme Vals
Abstract
Peter Zumthor is a cult figure within the realm of architecture. His portfolio may be relatively small, but his influence is beyond imagination. He is renowned for his authentic approach to his design, his craftsmanship, and his innovative use of materials and light. The Therme Vals in Switzerland, one of his best-known projects, shows Peter Zumthor’s own high standards, with no apparent compromises. The objective of this study is to explore his design methodology to design emotional architecture and discover new emotional design vocabulary. As a methodology, Therme Vals’ emotional design method is to be investigated via literature review, field study, and the opinions of not only Peter Zumthor himself, but also of previous researchers. The Analysis result had shown that Peter Zumthor’s spatial approach is unique. Compared to the existing emotional architecture that allows rapid entry into the core attraction, it guides users into the space at a very secret and slow speed. Unlike most emotional architecture that arouses curiosity through strong colors or unusual finishing material, Peter Zumthor designed with the intrinsic characteristics of ordinary materials and human memories of them. Regarding spatial experience, Peter Zumthor maintained a more natural continuity of spatial experience, not the concept of continuity as a scenario with a beginning and an end. Artificial direction is never given, and the users maintain continuity according to the movement of individual emotions.
References
Abbas, Y. (2019). Architecture as Landscape. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 64). EDP Sciences.
Andersen, M. A. (2012). In Conversation: Peter Zumthor and Juhani Pallasmaa. Architectural Design, 82(6), 22-25.
Barbara, A., & Perliss, A. (2006). Invisibile Architecure. Experiencing Places through the Sense of Smell. Skira. 64-67.
Bertoni, F. (2002). Minimalist architecture. Birkhäuser. 34-42.
Böhme, G., Eliasson, O., & Pallasmaa, J. (2014). Architectural atmospheres: On the experience and politics of architecture. Walter de Gruyter. 80-86.
Brandt, S. (2010). The Art of Memory Peter Zumthor’s Therme Vals. Invitation to ArchiPhen, 51-52.
Cho, J. S. (2017). A Study on the Experiential Space Concept and the Expression Method in Contemporary Architectural Space-Ando Tadao and Peter Zumthor. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 33(4), 21-30.
Choi, T. (2020). A Study on the Perter Zumthor's Architecture as a Construction of Atmosphere. Journal of Urban Science, 9(1), 91-108.
Clark, R. H., & Pause, M. (2012). Precedents in architecture: analytic diagrams, formative ideas, and partis. John Wiley & Sons. 101-112.
Crisman, P. (2008). THE MAGIC OF THE REAL: material and tactility in the work of Peter Zumthor. Material Matters, 114-121.
De Klerk, S. (2015). An exploration of place: Towards an understanding of spatial character. TD: The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 11(2), 85-103.
Drozd, C., Meunier, V., Simonnot, N., & Hégron, G. (2009, September). What tools and modes of representation to reflect an architectural atmosphere?. In Conference on architectural visualisation-9th international eaea conference.
Düchs, M., & Vogt, S. (2020). The House of the Senses: Experiencing Buildings with Peter Zumthor and Pliny the Younger. In Architectural Space and the Imagination (pp. 53-65). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Durisch, T. (Ed.). (2014). Peter Zumthor 2008-2013: Buildings and Projects. Verlag Scheidegger & Spiess AG. 67-74.
Gilheney, D. J. (2016). The Relationship of Structure and Material Through the Lens of Three Catholic Chapels (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech).
Jia, J. J., Liu, S. F., & He, X. J. (2013). Peter Zumthor Ideas of Architectural Creation. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 423, pp. 1183-1186). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Jia, J. J., Liu, S. F., & Yang, F. (2013). Exquisite Characteristic in Peter Zumthor's Architecture Works. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 357, pp. 315-318). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Jiaojiao, J., & Songfu, L. (2013, November). Study on Exquisite Methods of Architectural Creation in Peter Zumthor's Works. In 2013 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications (pp. 579-582). IEEE.
Jodidio, P., & Altmeppen, S. (2001). Architecture now! (Vol. 2005). Cologne: Taschen. 102-114.
Jung, C. H., & Lee, D. E. (2020). Deep Contextualism's Potentiality and Peter Zumthor's Architecture. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 36(1), 61-68.
Kim, J. S. (2020). A Study on the Sensory Experience Space Connected to Light, Material and Five Senses in The Therme Vals of Peter Zumthor. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 36(7), 47-56.
Kim, J. Y. (2011). A Study on the Spatial Effect of Material and Light: Focusing on Peter Zumthor’s Projects: Bruder Klaus Chapel and Kolumba Museum. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 20(5), 87-95.
Kim, Y. J., & Park, C. I. (2015). The Meaning of Spatial Atmosphere as an Emotional Space Experience Phenomenon and Spatial Design Implementation Methods-Focused on The OF Bollnow's Space Theory and The Spatial Design of Peter Zumthor. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 24(2), 88-99.
Labbé, M. (2012). The Architectural Thought of Peter Zumthor: Lyricism Without Exaltation. Nouvelle revue desthetique, (1), 107-117.
Leatherbarrow, D. (2009). Architecture oriented otherwise. Chronicle Books. 42-49.
Lee, M. K. (2015). Study on Characteristics of Body Sense in Contemporary Architectural Design-Focused on Works of Herzog & de Meuron, Steven Holl, Peter Zumthor, Kuma Kengo. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 24(1), 82-92.
Lee, O. J., & Kim, M. D. (2015). A Study on Ontological Spatial Concept shown at Works of Peter Zumthor. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 24(2), 117-124.
Low, E. (2019). What I like about you. Green: sustainable architecture and landscape design, (65), 98.
Mallinson, H. (2011). Zumthor's hairy paradise. Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 15(4), 304.
Mindrup, M. (2016). The Resistance of Factures in Drawing-out Architectural Constructions. In The Material Imagination (pp. 57-68). Routledge.
Moe, K. (2010). Thermally active surfaces in architecture. Princeton Architectural Press. 24-29.
Murray, S. (2007). Material Experience: Peter Zumthor's Thermal Bath at Vals. The Senses and Society, 2(3), 363-369.
O'Grady, E. (2009). The Therme Vals/Peter Zumthor. Retrieved, 5(2010), 2010.
Pallasmaa, J. (2016). The sixth sense: The meaning of atmosphere and mood. Architectural Design, 86(6), 126-133.
Pallasmaa, J. (2019). Design for sensory reality: From visuality to existential experience. Architectural Design, 89(6), 22-27.
Park, J. S., & Kim, D. J. (2016). Spatial characteristics of the Mise en scéne in Peter Zumthor's Architecture. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 25(3), 40-50.
Park, S., Chung, H. J., & Kim, K. H. (2015). A Study on the Haptic-Visual Phenomena in Peter Zumthor's Architecture. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 31(2), 193-204.
Peters, T. (1999). Thinking Architecture by Peter Zumthor Lars Müller Publishers, Baden, 199864 pp., 10 duotones ISBN 3-907044-61-4 Price 75.00 (hb)(available in North America only). arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 3(1), 91-92.
Platt, C., & Spier, S. (2010). Seeking the real: the special case of Peter Zumthor. Architectural Theory Review, 15(1), 30-42.
Poerschke, U. (2013). On concrete materiality in architecture. Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 17(2), 149.
Poon, S. T. (2018, May). Examining the Phenomenology of Human Experience in Design Process and Characteristics of Architectural Approaches. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 146, No. 1, p. 012079). IOP Publishing.
Roos, A. (2017). Peter Zumthor. In Sensibilité suisse (pp. 125-146). Birkhäuser.
Sahin, E. (2009). Exchange of forces: Environmental definition of materials in the works of Vitruvius, Alberti, Le Corbusier, and Peter Zumthor. University of Pennsylvania. 48-54.
Saieh, N. (2010). Multiplicity and Memory: Talking About Architecture with Peter Zumthor. Archidaily, Retrieved October, 2, 2019.
Sharr, A. (2007). Heidegger for architects. Routledge. 62-68.
Song, H. Y. (2010). Adjusted Techniques by Architects Trained as Craftsmen-Cases of Adolf Loos, Mies van der Rohe, Peter Zumthor. Architectural research, 12(1), 33-38.
Spier, S. (2001). Place, authorship and the concrete: three conversations with Peter Zumthor. Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 5(1), 15-36.
Tasou, A. M. (2009). Architectural Representation: Analysing Hélène Binet's Photographs of Peter Zumthor's Therme Vals from 2005-2006 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster).
Teeraparbwong, K. (2016). “Atmosphere: Architectural Environments-Surrounding Objects” By Peter Zumthor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, 3(2), 168-178.
Temple, N. (2014). Architecture as the Receptacle of Mitsein. In Intersections of Space and Ethos (pp. 138-149). Routledge.
Unwin, S. (2014). Thermal Baths, Vals. In Twenty-Five Buildings Every Architect Should Understand (pp. 215-222). Routledge.
Ursprung, P. (2011). Limits to Representation: Peter Zumthor and Hans Danuser. Visual Resources, 27(2), 172-184.
Vandenbulcke, B. (2011). Concretion, abstraction: the place of materials in architectural design processes. Case study: Peter Zumthor. In ARCC Conference Repository.
Ward, V. (2005). Architectonic Jewellery: An interrogation of the translation of ideas from architecture to jewellery through the design and production of contemporary jewellery (Doctoral dissertation, The Glasgow School of Art).
Woo, J. Y. (2010). A Study on the Emotional design approach in the Therme Vals designed by Peter Zumthor. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 19(3), 77-85.
Xuelian, R. (2016). Architecture Rooted in the Earth——Thoughts after Reading the Book “Thinking Architecture” by Peter Zumthor. Furniture & Interior Design, 12.
Zumthor, P. (1996). The Therme Vals. 21-26.
Zumthor, P. (2006). Atmospheres: Architectural environments. surrounding objects. Birkhäuser. 42-47.
Zumthor, P. (2008). Penser l'architecture. Springer Science & Business Media. 34-42.
Zumthor, P. (2019). Secular Retreat. A+ U-ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM, (587), 124-133.
Zumthor, P., Oberli-Turner, M., Schelbert, C., & Binet, H. (2006). Thinking architecture (Vol. 113). Basel: Birkhäuser. 24-35.
Andersen, M. A. (2012). In Conversation: Peter Zumthor and Juhani Pallasmaa. Architectural Design, 82(6), 22-25.
Barbara, A., & Perliss, A. (2006). Invisibile Architecure. Experiencing Places through the Sense of Smell. Skira. 64-67.
Bertoni, F. (2002). Minimalist architecture. Birkhäuser. 34-42.
Böhme, G., Eliasson, O., & Pallasmaa, J. (2014). Architectural atmospheres: On the experience and politics of architecture. Walter de Gruyter. 80-86.
Brandt, S. (2010). The Art of Memory Peter Zumthor’s Therme Vals. Invitation to ArchiPhen, 51-52.
Cho, J. S. (2017). A Study on the Experiential Space Concept and the Expression Method in Contemporary Architectural Space-Ando Tadao and Peter Zumthor. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 33(4), 21-30.
Choi, T. (2020). A Study on the Perter Zumthor's Architecture as a Construction of Atmosphere. Journal of Urban Science, 9(1), 91-108.
Clark, R. H., & Pause, M. (2012). Precedents in architecture: analytic diagrams, formative ideas, and partis. John Wiley & Sons. 101-112.
Crisman, P. (2008). THE MAGIC OF THE REAL: material and tactility in the work of Peter Zumthor. Material Matters, 114-121.
De Klerk, S. (2015). An exploration of place: Towards an understanding of spatial character. TD: The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 11(2), 85-103.
Drozd, C., Meunier, V., Simonnot, N., & Hégron, G. (2009, September). What tools and modes of representation to reflect an architectural atmosphere?. In Conference on architectural visualisation-9th international eaea conference.
Düchs, M., & Vogt, S. (2020). The House of the Senses: Experiencing Buildings with Peter Zumthor and Pliny the Younger. In Architectural Space and the Imagination (pp. 53-65). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Durisch, T. (Ed.). (2014). Peter Zumthor 2008-2013: Buildings and Projects. Verlag Scheidegger & Spiess AG. 67-74.
Gilheney, D. J. (2016). The Relationship of Structure and Material Through the Lens of Three Catholic Chapels (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech).
Jia, J. J., Liu, S. F., & He, X. J. (2013). Peter Zumthor Ideas of Architectural Creation. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 423, pp. 1183-1186). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Jia, J. J., Liu, S. F., & Yang, F. (2013). Exquisite Characteristic in Peter Zumthor's Architecture Works. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 357, pp. 315-318). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Jiaojiao, J., & Songfu, L. (2013, November). Study on Exquisite Methods of Architectural Creation in Peter Zumthor's Works. In 2013 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications (pp. 579-582). IEEE.
Jodidio, P., & Altmeppen, S. (2001). Architecture now! (Vol. 2005). Cologne: Taschen. 102-114.
Jung, C. H., & Lee, D. E. (2020). Deep Contextualism's Potentiality and Peter Zumthor's Architecture. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 36(1), 61-68.
Kim, J. S. (2020). A Study on the Sensory Experience Space Connected to Light, Material and Five Senses in The Therme Vals of Peter Zumthor. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 36(7), 47-56.
Kim, J. Y. (2011). A Study on the Spatial Effect of Material and Light: Focusing on Peter Zumthor’s Projects: Bruder Klaus Chapel and Kolumba Museum. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 20(5), 87-95.
Kim, Y. J., & Park, C. I. (2015). The Meaning of Spatial Atmosphere as an Emotional Space Experience Phenomenon and Spatial Design Implementation Methods-Focused on The OF Bollnow's Space Theory and The Spatial Design of Peter Zumthor. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 24(2), 88-99.
Labbé, M. (2012). The Architectural Thought of Peter Zumthor: Lyricism Without Exaltation. Nouvelle revue desthetique, (1), 107-117.
Leatherbarrow, D. (2009). Architecture oriented otherwise. Chronicle Books. 42-49.
Lee, M. K. (2015). Study on Characteristics of Body Sense in Contemporary Architectural Design-Focused on Works of Herzog & de Meuron, Steven Holl, Peter Zumthor, Kuma Kengo. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 24(1), 82-92.
Lee, O. J., & Kim, M. D. (2015). A Study on Ontological Spatial Concept shown at Works of Peter Zumthor. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 24(2), 117-124.
Low, E. (2019). What I like about you. Green: sustainable architecture and landscape design, (65), 98.
Mallinson, H. (2011). Zumthor's hairy paradise. Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 15(4), 304.
Mindrup, M. (2016). The Resistance of Factures in Drawing-out Architectural Constructions. In The Material Imagination (pp. 57-68). Routledge.
Moe, K. (2010). Thermally active surfaces in architecture. Princeton Architectural Press. 24-29.
Murray, S. (2007). Material Experience: Peter Zumthor's Thermal Bath at Vals. The Senses and Society, 2(3), 363-369.
O'Grady, E. (2009). The Therme Vals/Peter Zumthor. Retrieved, 5(2010), 2010.
Pallasmaa, J. (2016). The sixth sense: The meaning of atmosphere and mood. Architectural Design, 86(6), 126-133.
Pallasmaa, J. (2019). Design for sensory reality: From visuality to existential experience. Architectural Design, 89(6), 22-27.
Park, J. S., & Kim, D. J. (2016). Spatial characteristics of the Mise en scéne in Peter Zumthor's Architecture. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 25(3), 40-50.
Park, S., Chung, H. J., & Kim, K. H. (2015). A Study on the Haptic-Visual Phenomena in Peter Zumthor's Architecture. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 31(2), 193-204.
Peters, T. (1999). Thinking Architecture by Peter Zumthor Lars Müller Publishers, Baden, 199864 pp., 10 duotones ISBN 3-907044-61-4 Price 75.00 (hb)(available in North America only). arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 3(1), 91-92.
Platt, C., & Spier, S. (2010). Seeking the real: the special case of Peter Zumthor. Architectural Theory Review, 15(1), 30-42.
Poerschke, U. (2013). On concrete materiality in architecture. Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 17(2), 149.
Poon, S. T. (2018, May). Examining the Phenomenology of Human Experience in Design Process and Characteristics of Architectural Approaches. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 146, No. 1, p. 012079). IOP Publishing.
Roos, A. (2017). Peter Zumthor. In Sensibilité suisse (pp. 125-146). Birkhäuser.
Sahin, E. (2009). Exchange of forces: Environmental definition of materials in the works of Vitruvius, Alberti, Le Corbusier, and Peter Zumthor. University of Pennsylvania. 48-54.
Saieh, N. (2010). Multiplicity and Memory: Talking About Architecture with Peter Zumthor. Archidaily, Retrieved October, 2, 2019.
Sharr, A. (2007). Heidegger for architects. Routledge. 62-68.
Song, H. Y. (2010). Adjusted Techniques by Architects Trained as Craftsmen-Cases of Adolf Loos, Mies van der Rohe, Peter Zumthor. Architectural research, 12(1), 33-38.
Spier, S. (2001). Place, authorship and the concrete: three conversations with Peter Zumthor. Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly, 5(1), 15-36.
Tasou, A. M. (2009). Architectural Representation: Analysing Hélène Binet's Photographs of Peter Zumthor's Therme Vals from 2005-2006 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster).
Teeraparbwong, K. (2016). “Atmosphere: Architectural Environments-Surrounding Objects” By Peter Zumthor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, 3(2), 168-178.
Temple, N. (2014). Architecture as the Receptacle of Mitsein. In Intersections of Space and Ethos (pp. 138-149). Routledge.
Unwin, S. (2014). Thermal Baths, Vals. In Twenty-Five Buildings Every Architect Should Understand (pp. 215-222). Routledge.
Ursprung, P. (2011). Limits to Representation: Peter Zumthor and Hans Danuser. Visual Resources, 27(2), 172-184.
Vandenbulcke, B. (2011). Concretion, abstraction: the place of materials in architectural design processes. Case study: Peter Zumthor. In ARCC Conference Repository.
Ward, V. (2005). Architectonic Jewellery: An interrogation of the translation of ideas from architecture to jewellery through the design and production of contemporary jewellery (Doctoral dissertation, The Glasgow School of Art).
Woo, J. Y. (2010). A Study on the Emotional design approach in the Therme Vals designed by Peter Zumthor. Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal, 19(3), 77-85.
Xuelian, R. (2016). Architecture Rooted in the Earth——Thoughts after Reading the Book “Thinking Architecture” by Peter Zumthor. Furniture & Interior Design, 12.
Zumthor, P. (1996). The Therme Vals. 21-26.
Zumthor, P. (2006). Atmospheres: Architectural environments. surrounding objects. Birkhäuser. 42-47.
Zumthor, P. (2008). Penser l'architecture. Springer Science & Business Media. 34-42.
Zumthor, P. (2019). Secular Retreat. A+ U-ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM, (587), 124-133.
Zumthor, P., Oberli-Turner, M., Schelbert, C., & Binet, H. (2006). Thinking architecture (Vol. 113). Basel: Birkhäuser. 24-35.
Published
2021-11-01
How to Cite
JUNG, Chuloh; SHERZAD, Mohammed; ARAR, Mohammad.
The Analysis of Peter Zumthor’s Emotional Architecture in Therme Vals.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Innovation, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 3, p. 98-111, nov. 2021.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijarei/article/view/16027>. Date accessed: 14 sep. 2024.
Section
Articles
