Family Resilience Among Rubber Planters: The Influence of Socioeconomic and Demographic Variables
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of education level, economic status, and the number of family members on family resilience among rubber tapper families in Kuala Nerang, Kedah. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 88 heads of households using the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire. The findings reveal a weak yet significant negative correlation between family resilience and both income level (r=-0.391, p<0.05) and the number of family members (r=-0.135, p<0.05). Conversely, the relationship between family resilience and education level, though positive, was found to be statistically insignificant (r=0.107, p>0.05). The study underscores the complexity of resilience dynamics, suggesting that while socioeconomic and demographic factors influence resilience, other elements like family values, community support, and interpersonal dynamics play crucial roles. These insights highlight the need for targeted support strategies to bolster resilience among low-income and larger families. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs to explore these relationships further and consider additional variables influencing family resilience.
References
Coatsworth, J. D. (2019). Complex interventions for complex families. In A. Žižak, I. Maurović, & I. Borić (Eds.), Knjiga sažetaka i radova. Završna konferencija projekta FamResPlan (pp. 39–55). Zagreb: Edukacijsko - rehabilitacijski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
DeFrain, J. (2001). Creating a strong family: why are families important? University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension. NFO1-486.
McCubin, H,I., Thompson, A.I., & McCubbin, M. (2001). FamilyMeasures: Stress, Coping, and Resiliency Hawai:Kamehameha Schools.
Nichols, W. C. (2013). Roads to understand family resilience: 1920 to the twenty-first century. In D. S. Bevcar (Ed.), Handbook of family resilience (pp. 3–16). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978- 1-4614-3917-2_1
Patterson, J. M. (2002). Integrating family resilience and family stress theory. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 349–360. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00349.x
Ungar, M., & Liebenberg, L. (2011). Assessing resilience across cultures using mixed Methods: Construction of the child and youth resilience measure. Journal of Multiple Methods in Research, 5(2), 126–149. doi:10.1177/1558689811400607
Van Breda, A. D. P. (2001). Resilience theory: Literature review. Pretoria, South Africa: South African Military Health Service. Retrieved from http://www.vanbreda.org/adrian/ resilience/resilience_theory_review.pdf
Van Breda, A. D. P. (2018). A critical review of resilience theory and its relevance for social work. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk, 54(1), doi: 10.15270/54-1-611
Walsh, F. (1996). The concept of family resilience: Crisis andchallenge. Family Process, 35(3), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00261.x
Walsh, F. (2016). Family resilience: A developmental systemsframework. European Journal of DevelopmentalPsychology, 42(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016. 1154035
Isaacs, S. A., Roman, N. V., Savahl, S., & Sui, X.-C. (2017).Adapting and Validating the Family ResilienceAssessment Scale in an Afrikaans Rural Community inSouth Africa. Community Mental Health Journal, 0(0), 0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-017-0091-1
Markson, L., Loesel, F., Souza, K., & Lanskey, C. (2015). Maleprisoners’ family relationships and resilience inresettlement. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 15(4), 423–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895814566287
Bishop, M., & Greeff, A.P. (2015). Resilience in Families in Which aMember Has Been Diagnosed Wisk Schizoprenia. Journalof Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2015, 22, 463–471
Gergen, K. J. (1990). Toward a postmodern psychology. The Humanistic Psychologist, 18(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/08873267.1990.9976874.