Baseline Measurements of Natural Radioactivity Around the Manyoni Uranium Deposit (Tanzania): Selection of Sampling Points
Abstract
In order to acquire baseline data for prospective uranium mines, environmental radioactivity measurements are usually performed over large areas. This leads to a huge number of sampling points with a time-consuming and expensive data-acquisition process. For this study, probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling strategies were used to determine the fewest possible sampling points needed to establish baseline data around the prospective uranium mine of Manyoni (Tanzania). The probabilistic approach used stratified and systematic grid sampling to obtain 32 sampling points at a 27.96 km2 site prone to pollution from the prospective mining activities. These points were proportionally distributed based on pre-determined strata, geological areas, and administrative wards. Non-probabilistic sampling used judgmental sampling to allocate 8 sampling points in a region expected to receive higher levels of mining dust pollution than the WHO guidelines. We present a more representative and less expensive sampling approach with fewer sampling points around the prospective mine.
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Banzi, F. P., Msaki, P., and Mohammed, N. K. (2017), Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Soil and its Contribution to Population Exposure in the Vicinity of Mkuju River Uranium Project in Tanzania. Expert Opin. Environ. Biol., 6(1): 1–10.
Brugge, D., deLemos, J. L., and Oldmixon, B. (2005), Exposure Pathways and Health Effects Associated with Chemical and Radiological Toxicity of Natural Uranium: A Review. Rev. Environ. Health., 20(3): 177–194.
Cochran, W.G. (1977), Sampling Techniques. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
Department of Mines and Petroleum (2010), Managing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Mining and Mineral Processing-Guideline, NORM–3.1, Monitoring NORM–Pre-operational Monitoring Requirements. Western Australia: Resources Safety, Department of Mines and Petroleum.
Elisadiki, J., and Makundi, I. (2015), Establishment of Background Radiation Dose Rate in the Vicinity of the Proposed Manyoni Uranium Project, Singida. Tanz. J. Sci., 41(1): 19–26.
Geological Survey of Tanzania (2021), Geological and Mineral Information System. https://www.gmis-tanzania.com (accessed Dec 10, 2021).
Gilbert, R.O. (1987), Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
International Atomic Energy Agency (2010), Programmes and Systems for Source and Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Safety Reports Series No. 64. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
International Atomic Energy Agency (2019), Guidelines on Soil and Vegetation Sampling for Radiological Monitoring, Technical Reports Series No. 486. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
Kasoga, K.F., Mwalongo, D.A., Sawe, S.F., Nyaruba, M.M. and Dammalapati, U. (2016), Ambient Gamma Dose Rate Measurements at Manyoni Uranium Deposits, Singida, Tanzania. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP2015), Johannesburg, South Africa, June 28–July 3, 2015, pp. 180–185.
Kimaro, E. E., and Mohammed, N. K. (2015), Natural Radioactivity Levels in the Area around the Uranium Deposit of the Bahi District in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. Int. Res. J. Pure. Appl. Chem., 9(3): 1–10.
Lolila, F. (2011), Establishment of Baseline Data of External Ionizing Radiation Dose At Proposed Uranium Mining Sites And Their Neighbouring Residential Areas In Tanzania: The case of Mkuju River. M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam.
Lolila, F., Mazunga, M.S. and Ndabeni, N.B. (2022), Demarcation of Pollution-Prone Areas around the Manyoni Uranium Project, Tanzania. Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 22(12): 220214.
Matzke, B. D. Wilson, J. E. Newburn, L. L. Dowson, S. T. Hathaway, J. E. Sego, L. H. Bramer, L. M. and Pulsipher, B. A. (2014), Visual Sample Plan Version 7.0 User's Guide. Richland, Washington: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Mazunga, M. S. (2011), Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Level and Elemental Composition at Selected Village in the Neighborhood of Mkuju Uranium Deposit. M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam.
Mohammed, N. K., and Mazunga, M. S. (2013), Natural Radioactivity in Soil and Water from Likuyu Village in the Neighborhood of Mkuju Uranium Deposit. Int. J. Anal. Chem., 2013: 501856.
Mwalongo, D. A. (2011), Determination of Background Radioactivity Levels and Elemental Composition at Mkuju Uranium Deposit in Tanzania. M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam.
Ross, S. (2022), Systematic Sampling: Advantages and Disadvantages. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042415/what-are-advantages-and-disadvantages-using-systematic-sampling.asp (accessed June 19, 2022).
Sinha, S., and Banerjee, S. P. (1997), Characterization of Haul Road Dust in an Indian Opencast Iron Ore Mine. Atmos. Environ., 31(17): 2809–2814.
Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission (2011), The Atomic Energy (Radiation Safety in The Mining and Processing of Radioactive Ores) Regulations, 2011. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
Trivedi, R., Chakraborty, M. K., Sangode, A. G., and Tewary, B. K. (2010), A Study of Air Pollution Load Assessment Around Opencast Coal Project in India. Indian J. Environ. Prot., 30(3): 198–206.
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (1992), Manual for Conducting Radiological Surveys in Support of License Termination NUREG/CR-5849. Washington D.C.: US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
UNSCEAR (1993), Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation: UNSCEAR 1993 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. New York: United Nations.
US EPA (2022), TENORM: Uranium Mining Residuals. https://www.epa.gov/radiation/tenorm-uranium-mining-residuals (accessed July 31, 2022).
WHO (2006), Air Quality Guidelines: Global Update 2005: Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide. Regional Office for Europe: World Health Organization.
Published
2022-12-20
How to Cite
LOLILA, Farida; MAZUNGA, Mohamed; NDABENI, Ntombizikhona Beaulah.
Baseline Measurements of Natural Radioactivity Around the Manyoni Uranium Deposit (Tanzania): Selection of Sampling Points.
Menemui Matematik (Discovering Mathematics), [S.l.], v. 44, n. 2, p. 97-108, dec. 2022.
ISSN 0126-9003. Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/dismath/article/view/20701>. Date accessed: 22 sep. 2023.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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