The Incompatibility of Game Theory and Kyoto Protocol
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the reasons why Kyoto Protocol failed.
In order to gather the needed information, the researcher only utilized information coming from legitimate institutions like the UNFCCC, research about Kyoto Protocol published in the web of science and from the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) journals like Elsevier, Thompson Reuters, SciVerse, Scimago and from commentaries of world leaders and environmentalists.
In order to access these materials, the researcher utilized EBSCOHOST as the primary search engine, with the aid of google scholar as additional search platform.
The research utilized descriptive method coupled with qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of the study indicated that uncooperative act known as prisoner’s dilemma is the main reason why Kyoto Protocol failed. The presence of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which is the main convenor of Kyoto Protocol proved to be useless. It has no police power and cannot even sanction erring members or parties to the agreement.
Meeting the goals of Kyoto Protocol is hard to accomplish when the parties involved betray in the agreement like what happened to the two prisoners in the highly celebrated doctrine of known cooperation known as Prisoner’s dilemma.
References
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Vol. 56, No. 1 (March 2012), pp. 99-113 (15 pages)
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Journal of Economic Perspectives
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Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 26(3), pages 347-359, September.
https://tinyurl.com/atym2cmv
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https://tinyurl.com/tzythyzz
Seo, S. Niggol (2017). Negotiating a Global Public Good
The Behavioral Economics of Climate Change, 2017
ScienceDirect
https://tinyurl.com/3a7cfn7m
Schiermeier, Quirin (2012). The Kyoto Protocol: Hot Air
National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information
DOI: 10.1038/491656a
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23192127/
Sterescu, Andreï-Bogdan (2018). The Prisoner’s Dilemma in Environmental Politics: One Model to Rule Them All?
https://tinyurl.com/4udz8yc
Tian, Wenjie ; Wu, Xudong ; Zhao, Xueli ; Ma, Rong; Zhang, Bo (2019)
Quantifying global CH4 and N2O footprints
Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 251, 1 December 2019, 109566
ScienceDirect
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109566
https://tinyurl.com/ya7rr2x9
Tresch, Richard W. (2015). An Application of Externality Theory.
Public Finance, A Normative Theory
3rd Edition 2015
ScienceDirect
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780124158344/public-finance
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
https://tinyurl.com/y5asd5u8
Victor, David G. (2001). The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming. Princeton University Press
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7t8pq
https://tinyurl.com/2phbw37n
Almer, Christian; Winkler, Ralph (2017). Analyzing the effectiveness of international environmental policies: The case of the Kyoto Protocol
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 125-151.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2016.11.003
https://tinyurl.com/33sndvtc
Badrinarayana, Deepa (2014). TRADING UP KYOTO: A PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE PROTOCOL, PART I
HEINONLINE.
https://tinyurl.com/2nuwsvhm
Barrett, Scott (2008). Climate Treaties and the Imperative of Enforcement
Oxford Review of Economic Policy: Volume 24, Number 2, 2008, pp 239-258
https://tinyurl.com/3jyj8z9x
Beggs, Jodie (2018). The Prisoner’s Dilemma. ThoughtCo.
https://tinyurl.com/2zkrtbxr
Böhringer, Christoph; Vogt, Carsten (2004). Economic and environmental impacts of the Kyoto Protocol
Canadian Journal of Economics
https://tinyurl.com/4abvjdmr
Böhringer, Christoph and Rutherford, Thomas (2010). The Costs of Compliance: A CGE Assessment of Canada’s Policy Options under the Kyoto Protocol
The World Economy, 2010, vol. 33, issue 2, 177-211
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01229.x
https://tinyurl.com/56etbc2h
Chander, Parkash; Tulkens, Henry; Ypersele, Jean-Pascal Van; Willems, Stephanie (1999). The Kyoto Protocol: An Economic and Game Theoretic Interpretation
Center for Operations Research and Econometrics Working Paper No. 9925, CESifo Working Paper Series No. 229
https://tinyurl.com/2sb634hv
Dasgupta, Susmita; Benoit Laplante, Hua Wang and David Wheeler (2002). Confronting the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 16, Number 1—Winter 2002—Pages 147–168
https://tinyurl.com/7jnamx5p
Falkner, Robert (2019). The unavoidability of justice – and order – in international climate politics: From Kyoto to Paris and beyond
https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148118819069
https://tinyurl.com/he2udy48
Frank, Robert H.; Bernanke, Ben S.; Antonovics, Kate; Heffetz Ori. Principles of Microeconomics 7th Edition.
McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, NY 10121. 2019
Ferrey, Steven (2010). The Failure of International Global Warming Regulation to Promote Needed Renewable Energy
Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review
https://tinyurl.com/4ufzs4bk
Finus, Michael. (2008). Game Theoretic Research on the Design of International Environmental Agreements: Insights, Critical Remarks, and Future Challenges.
International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics
DOI: 10.1561/101.00000011
https://tinyurl.com/4njdc3hy
Funk & Wagnall's New World Encyclopedia
https://tinyurl.com/fshn8mdd
George-Duckworth, Andriana M. (2011) The Collective Goods Problem in Managing Environmental Issues, Peace Review, 23:2, 214-220, DOI: 10.1080/10402659.2011.571614
https://tinyurl.com/9pfndcnc
Grant, Ruth W.; Keohane, Robert O. (2005). Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 April 2005
https://tinyurl.com/2n3258kf
Helm, Carsten (2003). International emissions trading with endogenous allowance choices
Journal of Public Economics
ScienceDirect/ELSEVIER
Volume 87, Issue 12, December 2003, Pages 2737-2747
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00138-X
https://tinyurl.com/ys467fd8
Helm, Dieter (2012). The Kyoto Approach Has Failed. Nature Briefing Newsletter
Nature 491, 663–665 (2012)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/491663a
https://www.nature.com/articles/491663a#citeas
Jaffe, Adam B. ; Peterson, Steven R. Portney, Paul R. and Stavins Robert N. (1995) . Environmental Regulation and the Competitiveness of U.S. Manufacturing: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?
Journal of Economic Literature
Vol. 33, No. 1 (Mar., 1995), pp. 132-163 (32 pages)
Published By: American Economic Association
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2728912
Kumazawa, Risa & Callaghan, Michael (2012). "The effect of the Kyoto Protocol on carbon dioxide emissions,"
Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 36(1), pages 201-210, January.
DOI: 10.1007/s12197-010-9164-5
https://tinyurl.com/4a8vfxdn
Mankiw, N. Gregory (2006). Principles of Microeconomics 5th Edition.
Harvard University. South-Western Cengage Learning
https://www.udg.edu.me/download/122/preuzimanje
McKibbin, Warwick, J., Wilcoxen, and Peter J. (2002). "The Role of Economics in Climate Change Policy."
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16 (2): 107-129.
DOI: 10.1257/0895330027283
https://tinyurl.com/yrj3ctpr
McLean, Elena V. and Stone, Randall W. (2012). Two-Level Bargaining and European Integration
International Studies Quarterly
Vol. 56, No. 1 (March 2012), pp. 99-113 (15 pages)
Published By: Wiley
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41409825
Newell, Richard G.; Pizer, William A.; Raimi, Daniel (2013). Carbon Markets 15 Years after Kyoto: Lessons Learned, New Challenges.
Journal of Economic Perspectives
Vol. 27, No. 1, Winter 2013 (pp. 123-146)
DOI: 10.1257/jep.27.1.123
https://tinyurl.com/97hwxu2v
Nordhaus, William D. (2008). Economic Analyses of Kyoto Protocol: Is There Life After Kyoto
https://tinyurl.com/4dey37we
Poulopoulos, Stavros; Inglezakis, Vassilis (2016). Basic Principles, Human Activities, and Environmental Implications. Elsevier 2021
https://tinyurl.com/wn7d3v3e
Rollings-Magnusson, Sandra; Magnusson, Robert C. (2000). The Kyoto Protocol: Implications of a Flawed but Important Environmental Policy
Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 26(3), pages 347-359, September.
https://tinyurl.com/atym2cmv
Sathiendrakumar, R. (2003). Greenhouse emission reduction and sustainable development. International Journal of Social Economics 30(12):1233-1248
DOI: 10.1108/03068290310500643
https://tinyurl.com/tzythyzz
Seo, S. Niggol (2017). Negotiating a Global Public Good
The Behavioral Economics of Climate Change, 2017
ScienceDirect
https://tinyurl.com/3a7cfn7m
Schiermeier, Quirin (2012). The Kyoto Protocol: Hot Air
National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information
DOI: 10.1038/491656a
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23192127/
Sterescu, Andreï-Bogdan (2018). The Prisoner’s Dilemma in Environmental Politics: One Model to Rule Them All?
https://tinyurl.com/4udz8yc
Tian, Wenjie ; Wu, Xudong ; Zhao, Xueli ; Ma, Rong; Zhang, Bo (2019)
Quantifying global CH4 and N2O footprints
Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 251, 1 December 2019, 109566
ScienceDirect
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109566
https://tinyurl.com/ya7rr2x9
Tresch, Richard W. (2015). An Application of Externality Theory.
Public Finance, A Normative Theory
3rd Edition 2015
ScienceDirect
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780124158344/public-finance
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
https://tinyurl.com/y5asd5u8
Victor, David G. (2001). The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming. Princeton University Press
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7t8pq
Published
2021-09-01
How to Cite
GOLOSINO, Ernesto Olano.
The Incompatibility of Game Theory and Kyoto Protocol.
Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 3, p. 104-118, sep. 2021.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ajress/article/view/14381>. Date accessed: 09 dec. 2021.
Section
Articles
