Examination of Appraisal Fairness as a Mediator in Explaining Teachers’ Performance Appraisal in Malaysia
Abstract
The Teachers Unified Instruments (TUI) is a new performance appraisal instrument to assess the performance of teachers in Malaysia. This research was attended to examine the level of effectiveness of TUI among secondary school teachers in Malaysia. Two characteristics of performance appraisal (clarity of appraisal criteria and teacher participation in the appraisal process) were examined to recognise the relationship with the performance appraisal effectiveness measured based on motivation to improve performance. Appraisal fairness was also included as a mediator in this relationship. A sum of 284 respondents answered the questionnaire made online. The findings revealed that TUI’s effectiveness level was high. Appraisal fairness was found to be the mediating variable that connecting the two evaluation characteristics tested with performance appraisal effectiveness. This study provides definite implications for stakeholders to ensure that the performance appraisal implemented is practised comprehensively, and the practice of appraisal fairness is given great emphasis.
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Al-Jedaia, Y., & Mehrez, A. (2020). The effect of performance appraisal on job performance in governmental sector: The mediating role of motivation. Management Science Letters, 10(9), 2077–2088. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.2.003
Arsaythamby, V., & Wirda Hasmin, Z. (2011). Atribut sistem penilaian prestasi dengan kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan guru. International Journal of Management Studies, 18(1), 197–216.
BPPK. (2016). Manual penilaian bersepadu pegawai perkhidmatan pendidikan. Bahagian Pembangunan dan Penilaian Kompetensi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
BPPK. (2017). Laporan pengurusan PBPPP 2017. Bahagian Pembangunan dan Penilaian Kompetensi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Dal Corso, L., De Carlo, A., Carluccio, F., Girardi, D., & Falco, A. (2019). An Opportunity to Grow or a Label? Performance Appraisal Justice and Performance Appraisal Satisfaction to Increase Teachers’ Well-Being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(November), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02361
Dandala, S. (2019). Human resource policy and teacher appraisal in Ontario in the era of professional accountability. Management in Education, 33(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020618783817
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press
Fornell C & Larcker F David. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. In Journal of Marketing Research (Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 39–50).
Giles, W. F., & Mossholder, K. W. (1990). Employee reactions to contextual and session components of performance appraisal. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(4), 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.4.371
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Haron, M. Z., Zalli, M. M. M., Othman, M. K., & Awang, M. I. (2021). Examining the teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and learning facilities towards teaching quality. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(1), 1-7. doi:10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20780
Idris, A. H., & Assefa, T. H. (2017). Assessment of instructors ’ performance appraisal in Samara University. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(6), 441–448.
Iqbal, M. Z., Akbar, S., Budhwar, P., & Shah, S. Z. A. (2019). Effectiveness of performance appraisal: Evidence on the utilization criteria. Journal of Business Research, 101(April), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.035
Islami, X., Mulolli, E., & Mustafa, N. (2018). Using management by objectives as a performance appraisal tool for employee satisfaction. Future Business Journal, 4(1), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2018.01.001
Kelly, K. O., Ang, S. Y. A., Chong, W. L., & Hu, W. S. (2008). Teacher appraisal and its outcomes in Singapore primary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 46(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-09-2016-0047
Khurshid, A., Khan, A. K., & Alvi, S. (2017). Performance appraisal challenge at Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Asian Journal of Management Cases, 14(2), 198–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972820117712304
Lira, M., Silva, V. P. G. da, & Viseu, C. (2016). Performance appraisal as a motivational tool in the Portuguese public administration. Portuguese Journal of Finance, Management and Accounting, 19(2), 91–118.
Novita, A. & Sudaryan, B. (2021). The analysis of principal academic supervision, pedagogical competence against and its implications for contract teacher performance: Case study in high school indramayu district. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 3(1), 84-89.
Okoth, A. A., & Florah, O. M. (2019). Influence of performance appraisal on motivation of public secondary school teachers in Gem-Sub County, Kenya. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 9(4), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v9n4p5
Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual (6th ed.). Open University Press.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS3.0. Hamburg. http://www.smartplas.com
Rubin, E. V., & Edwards, A. (2018). The performance of performance appraisal systems: understanding the linkage between appraisal structure and appraisal discrimination complaints. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5192, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1424015
Saad, S. K. (2014). Investigating the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process in the Egyptian tourism companies. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Toursim and Hospitality, 11(2), 111–121.
Saad, S. K., & Elshaer, I. A. (2017). Organizational politics and validity of layoff decisions: mediating role of distributive justice of performance appraisal. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 26(8), 805–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2017.1320257
Sánchez, C. R., Díaz-Cabrera, D., & Hernández-Fernaud, E. (2019). Does effectiveness in performance appraisal improve with rater training? PLoS ONE, 14(9), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222694
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business, a skill-building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Selvarajan, T. T., Singh, B., & Solansky, S. (2018). Performance appraisal fairness, leader member exchange and motivation to improve performance: A study of US and Mexican employees. Journal of Business Research, 85(April 2016), 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.043
Wang, Z., Sun, Y., & Wang, B. (2020). Policy cognition is more effective than step tariff in promoting electricity saving behaviour of residents. Energy Policy, 139(December 2018), 111338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111338
Yusoff, S. M., Ariffin, T. F. T., & Zalli, M. M. M. (2020). School participation empowerment scale (SPES) adaptation for teachers in malaysia. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 1821-1830. doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080518
Zapata-Phelan, C. P., Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., & Livingston, B. (2009). Procedural justice, interactional justice, and task performance: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.08.001
Published
2021-08-01
How to Cite
MD ZALLI, Mohd Muslim et al.
Examination of Appraisal Fairness as a Mediator in Explaining Teachers’ Performance Appraisal in Malaysia.
Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 212-220, aug. 2021.
Available at: <https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ajress/article/view/13827>. Date accessed: 13 oct. 2024.
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