The Effect of Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Cement Additive on High-Strength Concrete
Abstract
Palm oil production is one of the essential economies of Malaysia. Unfortunately, the by-product of this industry, a massive volume of palm oil fuel ash (POFA), may negatively impact the environment and human health. Hence, this study hypothesized that to reduce environmental or health hazards of the POFA, it could be reused as an additive or replacement in concrete. However, the idea of using the POFA has been chiefly applied to standard-concrete grades, but the use of high-strength concrete in structures is increasing worldwide, including in Malaysia. Hence this paper presents the experiment of the effect of POFA as an additive ranging between 0% and 15% to produce high-strength concrete with good workability. The tests conducted were the compression and slump tests. The specimen used in the compression tests were 100 mm concrete cubes tested in 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. It was found that the inclusion of 5% POFA as addictive to cement in concrete produced the highest compressive strength, 84.12 MPa, on the 28th day of testing. It was also found that its workability was as good as the control concrete. Thus, the utilization of POFA could be considered an environmental-friendly cement additive to be used as supplemental cementitious material to produce workable high-strength concrete.
References
Altwair, N. M., & Kabir, S. (2010). Palm Oil Fuel Ash( POFA ): An Environmental-Friendly Supplemental Cementitious Material For Concrete Production. International RILEM Conference on Material Science, III(January 2010), 113–126.
Hamada, H. M., Jokhio, G. A., Yahaya, F. M., Humada, A. M., & Gul, Y. (2018). The present state of the use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 175, 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.227
Iskandar, M. J., Baharum, A., Anuar, F. H., & Othaman, R. (2018). Palm oil industry in South East Asia and the effluent treatment technology—A review. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 9(May 2017), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.11.003
Islam, M. M. U., Mo, K. H., Alengaram, U. J., & Jumaat, M. Z. (2015). Mechanical and fresh properties of sustainable oil palm shell lightweight concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash. Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.051
Ismail, M. A., Budiea, A. M. A., Hussin, M. W., & Muthusamy, K. B. (2010). Effect of POFA fineness on durability of high strength concrete. Indian Concrete Journal, 84(11), 21–28.
Jagana, R., & Vinod, C. V. (2017). High Strength Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Science & Research Technology, 6(3), 207–209.
MPOB. (2018). Oil Palm Planted Area 2018. http://bepi.mpob.gov.my/images/area/2018/Area_summary.pdf
Munir, A., Abdullah, Huzaim, Sofyan, Irfandi, & Safwan. (2015). Utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in producing lightweight foamed concrete for non-structural building material. Procedia Engineering, 125(December), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.119
Nagaratnam, B. H., Rahman, M. E., Mirasa, A. K., Mannan, M. A., & Lame, S. O. (2016). Workability and heat of hydration of self-compacting concrete incorporating agro-industrial waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 882–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.112
Oyejobi D.O, Abdulkadir T.S., & Ahmed A.T. (2015). A Study of Partial Replacement of Cement with Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Concrete Production. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 12(4), 619–631. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.192492
Safiuddin, M., Salam, M. A., & Jumaat, M. Z. (2011). Utilization of palm oil fuel ash : A review. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 17(2), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.574450
Sata, V., Jaturapitakkul, C., & Kiattikomol, K. (2004). Utilization of Palm Oil Fuel Ash in High-Strength Concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 16(6), 623–628. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:6(623)
Tay, J. (1990). Ash from Oil-Palm Waste as Concrete Material. 2(2), 94–105.
Tonnayopas, D., Nilrat, F., Putto, K., & Tantiwitayawanich, J. (2016). Effect of Oil Palm Fiber Fuel Ash on Compressive Strength of Hardening Concrete. 1–3.
Zeyad, A. M., Megat Johari, M. A., Tayeh, B. A., & Yusuf, M. O. (2017). Pozzolanic reactivity of ultrafine palm oil fuel ash waste on strength and durability performances of high strength concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 144(October 2017), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.121
