Instruction to Authors

1. Language
The language of the manuscript must be in English (either American or British standard, but not the mixture of both).

2. Length of paper
The length of the paper should not exceed 20 pages. Paper containing more than 20 pages words will be returned to the author(s) to abridge. Articles should be typed in double-space (including tables, footnotes and references) on one side of the paper only (preferably A4) with wide margins. Authors are urged to write as concisely as possible, but not at the expense of clarity.

3. Title Page
Title page is a separated page before the text. It should include the following information:

Title
Title should be concise and informative. Try to avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

Author’s names and affiliations
Please indicate the given name and family name clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names.

Corresponding author
Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing, publication and also post-publication. Ensure that telephone numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.

Sponsoring information
If the research is sponsored or supported by an organization, please indicate it.

4. Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length of 300 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list.

5. Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 5 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of').

6. Subdivision of the article
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. The abstract is not included in sub-section.

7. Table and Figures
Present tables and figures in the text. Please note that the article will be published in black and white.

8. Ethics Statements
Please include an ethic statement confirming that approval was obtained from ethical committee with approval number and relevant informed consent was obtained from respondents.

9. Author Statements 
Please include a description of each author’s contributions to this published work. Examples: Mohd Adam Hassan wrote the problem statement and literature review. Nurul Aina Ramli performed the data collection and data analysis.

10. Acknowledgments 
Please list the sources of funding for this work. Example: This work was supported by Universiti Teknologi MARA, Internal Grant [grant number ###]. Include also other relevant parties.

11. Declaration of Interests 
Please declare any financial interests/personal relationships which may affect this work. Example: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.

12. References
Author(s) should follow the latest edition of APA style in referencing. Please visit www.apastyle.org to learn more about APA style

Citations in the text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Avoid citation in the abstract. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Reference List
References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.

Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Geer, J., Hanraads, J. A. J. & Lupton R. A. (2000). The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of Scientific Communications, 163(1), 51-59.

Reference to a book:
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style. (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G. R., & Adams, L. B. (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age (pp. 281-304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.

Reference to a web source:
Smith, Joe, (1999), One of Volvo's core values. [Online] Available: http://www.volvo.com/environment/index.htm (July 7, 1999)

13. Template

Download the template here.

14. Submission

Before submitting your article, you may need to make it anonymous if your chosen journal uses double-anonymous peer review. This is to ensure that reviewers won’t be able to identify you, your co-authors, or the institution where the research was carried out, ensuring that the review process is as objective as possible. Authors may submit their manuscripts to ajobss@uitm.edu.my